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Microservices Deployment Cookbook
Microservices Deployment Cookbook

Microservices Deployment Cookbook: Deploy and manage scalable microservices

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Microservices Deployment Cookbook

Chapter 2. Containerizing Microservices with Docker

In this chapter, we will focus more on how to package and ship our microservice. We will learn the following recipes:

  • Building an executable JAR using the Maven Shade plugin
  • Building an executable JAR using the Spring Boot Maven plugin
  • Installing and setting up Docker
  • Writing your Dockerfile
  • Building your Docker image
  • Running your microservice inside a Docker container
  • Pushing your image to Docker Hub

Building an executable JAR using Maven Shade plugin

Before we jump into this recipe, let's talk about why we are doing this. Our goal is to construct a shippable artifact that can be executed from any platform or machine. In order to do that, we have to make sure our final artifact has all dependencies packaged in it. All we are trying to do here is build a fat JAR with all dependencies, called the uber JAR, which we talked about in the previous chapter. Almost all frameworks that help build microservices, such as Spring Boot and WildFly Swarm, have their own Maven plugins that help you build an executable JAR.

But if you use frameworks such as SparkJava and RatPack that are not really microservice frameworks but help in building HTTP APIs, you will have to make sure you use the right Maven or Gradle plugin to create an executable JAR.

Note

Ratpack is a framework that lets you build high-performance HTTP services. Internally, it uses Netty as its HTTP engine. It utilizes Netty's...

Building an executable JAR using the Spring Boot Maven plugin

This recipe is intended for Spring Boot users only. If you are using a different framework that does not support building executable JARS, please refer to previous recipe.

Getting ready

The spring-boot-maven-plugin is a Maven plugin built by the Spring Boot team to make packaging your Spring Boot applications easier. It not only allows you to package your project, but also helps with running and debugging your application. It introduces a new goal called repackage, which pretty much repackages your original artifact (JAR or WAR) with an executable uber JAR that has all dependencies in it. If you are familiar with the maven-shade-plugin, the repackage goal in Spring Boot does shading.

How to do it...

In order to illustrate this recipe, we will be using the geolocation project that we built in Chapter 1 , Building Microservices with Java using Spring Boot:

  1. Open the pom.xml file of the geolocation project and look at the parent section...

Installing and setting up Docker

Before we look at the recipe, let's quickly talk about why we will need Docker installed. Docker has been one of the most popular container frameworks and has picked up traction in the past few years. In fact, there are a lot many organizations that completely depend on Docker for shipping and deploying their applications. Gone are the days when Developers, Build Meisters, Infrastructure Engineers, and Deployment Coordinators would deploy any new code and infrastructure every release in the middle of the night, making sure the deployment of the new code or infrastructure does not affect existing users. With frameworks such as Docker, Mesos, and Kubernetes, deployments have become so much easier than how they were a few years back.

Let's say you would like to deploy a web application to Tomcat. There are definitely some prerequisites; for instance, you will need at least a four-core machine with 16 GB memory and 100 GB disk space. And after that...

Writing your Dockerfile

So far in this chapter, we have seen how to package our application and how to install Docker. Now that we have our JAR artifact and Docker set up, let's see how to Dockerize our microservice application using Docker.

Getting ready

In order to Dockerize our application, we will have to tell Docker how our image is going to look like. This is exactly the purpose of a Dockerfile. A Dockerfile has its own syntax (or Dockerfile instructions) and will be used by Docker to create images. Throughout this recipe, we will try to understand some of the most commonly used Dockerfile instructions as we write our Dockerfile for the geolocation tracker microservice.

How to do it...

  1. First, open your STS IDE and create a new file called Dockerfile in the geolocation project. The first line of the Dockerfile is always the FROM instruction followed by the base image that you would like to create your image from. There are thousands of images on Docker Hub to choose from. In our case...

Building your Docker image

In the previous recipe, we created the Dockerfile, which will be used in this recipe to create an image for our microservice. If you are wondering why we would need an image, it is the only way we can ship our software to any system. Once you have your image created and uploaded to a common repository, it will be easier to pull your image from any location.

Getting ready

Before you jump into the actual recipe, it might be a good idea to get yourself familiar with some of the most commonly used Docker commands. In this recipe, we will use the build command. Take a look at this URL to understand the other commands: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/#/image-commands . After familiarizing yourself with the commands, open up a new terminal, and change your directory to the root of the geolocation project. Make sure your docker-machine instance is running. If it is not running, use the docker-machine start command to run your docker-machine instance...

Building an executable JAR using Maven Shade plugin


Before we jump into this recipe, let's talk about why we are doing this. Our goal is to construct a shippable artifact that can be executed from any platform or machine. In order to do that, we have to make sure our final artifact has all dependencies packaged in it. All we are trying to do here is build a fat JAR with all dependencies, called the uber JAR, which we talked about in the previous chapter. Almost all frameworks that help build microservices, such as Spring Boot and WildFly Swarm, have their own Maven plugins that help you build an executable JAR.

But if you use frameworks such as SparkJava and RatPack that are not really microservice frameworks but help in building HTTP APIs, you will have to make sure you use the right Maven or Gradle plugin to create an executable JAR.

Note

Ratpack is a framework that lets you build high-performance HTTP services. Internally, it uses Netty as its HTTP engine. It utilizes Netty's event-based...

Building an executable JAR using the Spring Boot Maven plugin


This recipe is intended for Spring Boot users only. If you are using a different framework that does not support building executable JARS, please refer to previous recipe.

Getting ready

The spring-boot-maven-plugin is a Maven plugin built by the Spring Boot team to make packaging your Spring Boot applications easier. It not only allows you to package your project, but also helps with running and debugging your application. It introduces a new goal called repackage, which pretty much repackages your original artifact (JAR or WAR) with an executable uber JAR that has all dependencies in it. If you are familiar with the maven-shade-plugin, the repackage goal in Spring Boot does shading.

How to do it...

In order to illustrate this recipe, we will be using the geolocation project that we built in Chapter 1 , Building Microservices with Java using Spring Boot:

  1. Open the pom.xml file of the geolocation project and look at the parent section...

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Key benefits

  • Adopt microservices-based architecture and deploy it at scale
  • Build your complete microservice architecture using different recipes for different solutions
  • Identify specific tools for specific scenarios and deliver immediate business results, correlate use cases, and adopt them in your team and organization

Description

This book will help any team or organization understand, deploy, and manage microservices at scale. It is driven by a sample application, helping you gradually build a complete microservice-based ecosystem. Rather than just focusing on writing a microservice, this book addresses various other microservice-related solutions: deployments, clustering, load balancing, logging, streaming, and monitoring. The initial chapters offer insights into how web and enterprise apps can be migrated to scalable microservices. Moving on, you’ll see how to Dockerize your application so that it is ready to be shipped and deployed. We will look at how to deploy microservices on Mesos and Marathon and will also deploy microservices on Kubernetes. Next, you will implement service discovery and load balancing for your microservices. We’ll also show you how to build asynchronous streaming systems using Kafka Streams and Apache Spark. Finally, we wind up by aggregating your logs in Kafka, creating your own metrics, and monitoring the metrics for the microservice.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers, ops, and DevOps professionals who would like to put microservices to work and improve products, services, and operations. Those looking to build and deploy microservices will find this book useful, as well as managers and people at CXO level looking to adopt microservices in their organization. Prior knowledge of Java is expected. No prior knowledge of microservices is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Build microservices using Spring Boot, Wildfly Swarm, Dropwizard, and SparkJava
  • Containerize your microservice using Docker
  • Deploy microservices using Mesos/Marathon and Kubernetes
  • Implement service discovery and load balancing using Zookeeper, Consul, and Nginx
  • Monitor microservices using Graphite and Grafana
  • Write stream programs with Kafka Streams and Spark
  • Aggregate and manage logs using Kafka
  • Get introduced to DC/OS, Docker Swarm, and YARN
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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Building Microservices with Java Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Containerizing Microservices with Docker Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Deploying Microservices on Mesos Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Deploying Microservices on Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Service Discovery and Load Balancing Microservices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Monitoring Microservices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Building Asynchronous Streaming Systems with Kafka and Spark Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. More Clustering Frameworks - DC/OS, Docker Swarm, and YARN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.8
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1 star 16.7%
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Amazon Customer Jun 28, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very good book
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TR Jordan Nov 06, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a solid, practical guide to implementing common patterns around microservices in 2017.You'll probably only use 10% of the recipes in this book, and that's by design. Murugesan lays out the common structures that you'll need to build, and each of the recipes is a practical, examples-in-code guide to wiring up particular technologies. Every system is different enough that he leaves the tech choices to the reader, without sacrificing the specificity to actually get something working.Definitely worth having around if you're transitioning to microservices or scaling out an existing architecture.
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James Aug 29, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is the best micro service book. I was learning docker and going through docker, microservice books. Most of the books are one dimensional and provide limited knowledge. But this book touched lot of topics and provides excellent explanation. Thank you.
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Raman Kr. Rai Sep 14, 2018
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Nice book, Love it.
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Richard Sep 14, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
It is a decent book. There are many recipes that I could not following through due to errors.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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