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Java 9 Programming By Example
Java 9 Programming By Example

Java 9 Programming By Example: Your guide to software development

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Java 9 Programming By Example

The First Real Java Program - Sorting Names

In the previous chapter, we got acquainted with Java, and especially with using the REPL tool and interactively executing some simple code. That is a good start, but we need more. In this chapter, we will develop a simple sort program. Using this code as an example, we will look at different build tools, which are frequently used for Java projects, and learn the basic features of the Java language. This chapter will cover the following topics:

  • The sorting problem
  • The project structure and build tools
  • The Make, Ant, Maven, and Gradle build tools
  • Java language features related to the code example

Getting started with sorting

The sorting problem is one of the oldest programming tasks that an engineer deals with. We have a set of records and we know that we want to find a specific one sometime later, and we want to find that one fast. To find it, we sort the records in a specific order that helps us find the record we want quickly.

As an example, we have the names of students with their marks on some cards. When students come to the office asking for their results, we look through all of the cards one after the other to find the name of the enquiring student. However, it is better if we sort the cards by the names of the students alphabetically. When a student makes an enquiry, we can search the mark attached to the name much faster.

We can look at the middle card; if it shows the name of the student, then we are happy to have found the name and the mark. If the card precedes the name of the student...

Getting started with project structure and build tools

When a project is more complex than a single class, and it usually is, then it is wise to define a project structure. We will have to decide where we store the source files, where the resource files (those that contain some resource for the program, but are not Java source) are, where the .class files should be written by the compiler, and so on. Generally, the structure is mainly the directory setup and the configuration of the tools that perform the build.

The compilation of complex programs cannot be feasibly done using the command line issuing javac commands. If we have 100 Java source files, the compilation will require that many javac commands to be issued. It can be shortened using wild cards, such as javac *.java ,or we can write a simple bash script or a BAT command file that does that. First, it will be just 100 lines, each compiling one source...

Setting up the project with Maven

To start the project, we will use the directory structure and pom.xml that was created by Maven itself when we started with the following command line:

    $ mvn archetype:generate

It created the directories, the pom.xml file, and an App.java file. Now, we will extend this project by creating new files. We will code the sorting algorithm first in the packt.java9.by.example.stringsort package:

When we create the new package in the IDE, the editor will automatically create the stringsort subdirectory under the already existing src/main/java/packt/java9/by/example directory:

Creating the new Sort class using the IDE will also automatically create a new file named Sort.java in this directory, and it will fill in the skeleton of the class:

package packt.java9.by.example.stringsort; 

public class Sort {
}

We will now have App.java containing the following code:

package packt.java9...

Coding the sort

Maven and the IDE created the files for the sort program. They form the skeleton for our code, and now it is time to grow some muscles on them to let it move. We spent quite some time to set up the project by visiting the different build tools, only to learn how to compile the code. I hope that this did not distract you much, but anyhow, we deserve to see some real code.

First, we will create the code for the sorting code, and after that, the code that invokes the sorting. The code that invokes the sorting is a kind of testing code. For simplicity, we will now simply use a public static void main method to start the code. We will use the test framework in later chapters.

As for now, the code for the sorting will look like this:

package packt.java9.by.example.stringsort; 

public class Sort {

public void sort(String[] names) {
int n = names.length;
while (n > 1) {
...

Getting started with sorting


The sorting problem is one of the oldest programming tasks that an engineer deals with. We have a set of records and we know that we want to find a specific one sometime later, and we want to find that one fast. To find it, we sort the records in a specific order that helps us find the record we want quickly.

As an example, we have the names of students with their marks on some cards. When students come to the office asking for their results, we look through all of the cards one after the other to find the name of the enquiring student. However, it is better if we sort the cards by the names of the students alphabetically. When a student makes an enquiry, we can search the mark attached to the name much faster.

We can look at the middle card; if it shows the name of the student, then we are happy to have found the name and the mark. If the card precedes the name of the student alphabetically, then we will continue searching in the second half; otherwise, we will...

Getting started with project structure and build tools


When a project is more complex than a single class, and it usually is, then it is wise to define a project structure. We will have to decide where we store the source files, where the resource files (those that contain some resource for the program, but are not Java source) are, where the .class files should be written by the compiler, and so on. Generally, the structure is mainly the directory setup and the configuration of the tools that perform the build.

The compilation of complex programs cannot be feasibly done using the command line issuing javac commands. If we have 100 Java source files, the compilation will require that many javac commands to be issued. It can be shortened using wild cards, such as javac *.java ,or we can write a simple bash script or a BAT command file that does that. First, it will be just 100 lines, each compiling one source Java file to class file. Then, we will realize that it is only time, CPU, and power...

Setting up the project with Maven


To start the project, we will use the directory structure and pom.xml that was created by Maven itself when we started with the following command line:

$ mvn archetype:generate

It created the directories, the pom.xml file, and an App.java file. Now, we will extend this project by creating new files. We will code the sorting algorithm first in the packt.java9.by.example.stringsort package:

When we create the new package in the IDE, the editor will automatically create the stringsort subdirectory under the already existing src/main/java/packt/java9/by/example directory:

Creating the new Sort class using the IDE will also automatically create a new file named Sort.java in this directory, and it will fill in the skeleton of the class:

package packt.java9.by.example.stringsort; 

public class Sort { 
}

We will now have App.java containing the following code:

package packt.java9.by.example; 

public class App  
{ 
    public static void main( String[] args ) 
    { ...
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Key benefits

  • We bridge the gap between “learning” and “doing” by providing real-world examples that will improve your software development
  • Our example-based approach will get you started quickly with software programming, get you up-to-speed with Java 9, and improve your Java skills
  • This book will show you the best practices of Java coding and improve your productivity

Description

This book gets you started with essential software development easily and quickly, guiding you through Java’s different facets. By adopting this approach, you can bridge the gap between learning and doing immediately. You will learn the new features of Java 9 quickly and experience a simple and powerful approach to software development. You will be able to use the Java runtime tools, understand the Java environment, and create Java programs. We then cover more simple examples to build your foundation before diving to some complex data structure problems that will solidify your Java 9 skills. With a special focus on modularity and HTTP 2.0, this book will guide you to get employed as a top notch Java developer. By the end of the book, you will have a firm foundation to continue your journey towards becoming a professional Java developer.

Who is this book for?

This book is for anyone who wants to learn the Java programming language. You are expected to have some prior programming experience with another language, such as JavaScript or Python, but no knowledge of earlier versions of Java is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Compile, package and run a trivial program using a build management tool
  • Get to know the principles of test-driven development and dependency management
  • Separate the wiring of multiple modules from the application logic into an application using dependency injection
  • Benchmark Java execution using Java 9 microbenchmarking
  • See the workings of the Spring framework and use Java annotations for the configuration
  • Master the scripting API built into the Java language and use the built-in JavaScript interpreter
  • Understand static versus dynamic implementation of code and high-order reactive programming in Java
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Publication date : Apr 26, 2017
Length: 504 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786468284
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Length: 504 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786468284
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Frequently bought together


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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Getting Started with Java 9 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The First Real Java Program - Sorting Names Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Optimizing the Sort - Making Code Professional Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Mastermind - Creating a Game Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Extending the Game - Run Parallel, Run Faster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Making Our Game Professional - Do it as a Webapp Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a Commercial Web Application Using REST Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Extending Our E-Commerce Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building an Accounting Application Using Reactive Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Finalizing Java Knowledge to a Professional Level Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Kindle Customer Jul 11, 2018
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very good book, useful examples
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Yarl, Paul Jul 29, 2017
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Love the format. Provides end-to-end coverage of modern Java development practices with overview of how improvements of Java 9 fit the bigger picture. Very easy to read and written in conversational tone. Appropriate for new and seasoned Java programmers alike.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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