Post-exploitation
It can be noted and observed that gaining network access isn't the entire end game. In many cases, the threat actors still don't know much about the network, and may have access to accounts with limited privileges, so they can't disable security controls and move laterally to start achieving their goals, such as data exfiltration and ransomware deployment.
Of course, post-exploitation steps depend on the type of access. If the threat actors have VPN access, for example, they may want to scan the network for vulnerabilities, which may enable lateral movement for them.
You may be really surprised, but the notorious EternalBlue (CVE-2017-0144) is still extremely common for many enterprise networks, even if we are talking about really big enterprises.
Another very common vulnerability exploited by various ransomware operators is Zerologon (CVE-2020-1472). It allows the attackers to obtain access to the domain controller with a few clicks!
Those...