Programming microcontrollers
A microcontroller, often shortened to MCU, is a full-fledged computer because it has a processor (which can also be multicore nowadays), a memory system (for example, RAM or ROM), and some peripherals. Unlike a standard computer, a microcontroller fits entirely on an integrated chip, and it has incredibly low power and low price.
We often confuse microcontrollers with microprocessors, but they refer to different devices. In contrast to a microcontroller, a microprocessor integrates only the processor on a chip, requiring external connections to a memory system and other components to form a fully operating computer.
The following figure summarizes the main differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller:
Figure 1.14 – Microprocessor versus microcontroller
As for all processing units, the target application influences their architectural design choice.
For example, a microprocessor tackles scenarios where...
