Introducing undersampling

Two households, both alike in dignity,

In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,

Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.

– Opening lines of Romeo and Juliet, by Shakespeare

Let’s look at a scenario inspired by Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet. Imagine a town with two warring communities (viz., the Montagues and Capulets). They have been enemies for generations. The Montagues are in the minority and the Capulets are in the majority in the town. The Montagues are super rich and powerful. The Capulets are not that well off. This creates a complex situation in the town. There are regular riots in the town because of this rivalry. One day, the Montagues win the king’s favor and conspire to eliminate some Capulets to bring their numbers down. The idea is that if fewer Capulets are in the town, the Montagues will no longer be in the minority. The king agrees to the plan as he...