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Getting Started with Angular - Second edition
Getting Started with Angular - Second edition

Getting Started with Angular - Second edition: Fast-track your web development skills to build high performance SPA with Angular 2 and beyond , Second Edition

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Profile Icon Minko Gechev
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Paperback Feb 2017 278 pages 2nd Edition
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Profile Icon Minko Gechev
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Paperback Feb 2017 278 pages 2nd Edition
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Getting Started with Angular - Second edition

Chapter 2. The Building Blocks of an Angular Application

In the previous chapter, we looked at the drivers for the design decisions behind the new Angular. We described the main reasons that led to the development of a brand new framework; Angular takes advantage of the newest Web standards while keeping the past lessons in mind. Although we are familiar with the main drivers, we still haven't described the core Angular concepts. The last major release of the framework took a different path from AngularJS and introduced a lot of changes in the fundamental building blocks used for the development of single-page applications.

The mission of this chapter is to describe the framework's core and make a brief introduction to its main concepts. In the next couple of pages, we will also make an overview of how these concepts can be put together to help us build professional user interfaces for our Web applications. The subsequent sections will give us an overview...

A conceptual overview of Angular

Before we dive into the different parts of Angular, let's get a conceptual overview of how everything fits together. Let's take a look at the following diagram:

A conceptual overview of Angular

Figure 1

Figure 1 to Figure 4 show the main Angular concepts and the connections between them. The main purpose of these diagrams is to illustrate the core blocks for building single-page applications with Angular, and their relations.

The Component is the main building block we will use to create the user interface of our applications with Angular. The Component is a direct successor of the Directive, which is the primitive for attaching behavior to the DOM. Components extend Directives by providing further features, such as a template, which can be used to render composition of directives. Inside the template of the view can reside different expressions.

A conceptual overview of Angular

Figure 2

The preceding diagram conceptually illustrates the Change Detection mechanism of Angular. It performs dirty checking...

Changing directives

AngularJS introduced the concept of directives in the development of single-page applications. The purpose of directives is to encapsulate the DOM-related logic and allow us to build user interfaces by composing them. This way, we are able to extend the syntax and the semantics of HTML. Initially, like most innovative concepts, directives were viewed controversially because they predispose us to write invalid HTML when using custom elements or attributes without the data- prefix. However, over time, this concept has gradually been accepted and has proved that it is here to stay.

Another drawback of the implementation of directives in AngularJS is the different ways we can use them. This requires an understanding of the attribute values, which can be literals, expressions, callbacks, or microsyntax. This makes tooling essentially impossible.

The latest versions of Angular keep the concept of directives, but take the best parts from AngularJS and add some...

Getting to know Angular components

Model View Controller (MVC) is a micro-architectural pattern initially introduced for the implementation of user interfaces. As Angular developers, we use different variations of this pattern on a daily basis, most often Model View ViewModel (MVVM). In MVC, we have the model, which encapsulates the business logic of our application, and the view, which is responsible for rendering the user interface, accepting user input, and delegating the user interaction logic to the controller. The view is represented as composition of components, which is formally known as the composite design pattern.

Let's take a look at the following structural diagram, which shows the composite design pattern:

Getting to know Angular components

Figure 5

Here, we have three classes:

  • An abstract class called Component.
  • Two concrete classes called Leaf and Composite. The Leaf class is a simple terminal component in the component tree that we will build soon.

The Component class defines an abstract operation called...

Angular modules

In AngularJS, we have the concept of modules. Modules there are responsible for grouping pieces of related functionality together and registering it internally during the bootstrap process. Unfortunately, they didn't provide features such as encapsulation and lazy loading.

Angular introduced the NgModules as part of the fifth release candidate of the framework. The main purpose of the new modules is to give a context for the Angular compiler and achieve a good level of encapsulation. For instance, if we are building a library with NgModules, we can have a number of declarations, which are used internally but not exported as part of the public interface. Let's take a look at the following example:

import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {CommonModule} from '@angular/common';
import {TabComponent} from './tab.component';
import {TabItemComponent} from './tab-item.component'...

A conceptual overview of Angular


Before we dive into the different parts of Angular, let's get a conceptual overview of how everything fits together. Let's take a look at the following diagram:

Figure 1

Figure 1 to Figure 4 show the main Angular concepts and the connections between them. The main purpose of these diagrams is to illustrate the core blocks for building single-page applications with Angular, and their relations.

The Component is the main building block we will use to create the user interface of our applications with Angular. The Component is a direct successor of the Directive, which is the primitive for attaching behavior to the DOM. Components extend Directives by providing further features, such as a template, which can be used to render composition of directives. Inside the template of the view can reside different expressions.

Figure 2

The preceding diagram conceptually illustrates the Change Detection mechanism of Angular. It performs dirty checking, which evaluates...

Changing directives


AngularJS introduced the concept of directives in the development of single-page applications. The purpose of directives is to encapsulate the DOM-related logic and allow us to build user interfaces by composing them. This way, we are able to extend the syntax and the semantics of HTML. Initially, like most innovative concepts, directives were viewed controversially because they predispose us to write invalid HTML when using custom elements or attributes without the data- prefix. However, over time, this concept has gradually been accepted and has proved that it is here to stay.

Another drawback of the implementation of directives in AngularJS is the different ways we can use them. This requires an understanding of the attribute values, which can be literals, expressions, callbacks, or microsyntax. This makes tooling essentially impossible.

The latest versions of Angular keep the concept of directives, but take the best parts from AngularJS and add some new ideas and syntax...

Getting to know Angular components


Model View Controller (MVC) is a micro-architectural pattern initially introduced for the implementation of user interfaces. As Angular developers, we use different variations of this pattern on a daily basis, most often Model View ViewModel (MVVM). In MVC, we have the model, which encapsulates the business logic of our application, and the view, which is responsible for rendering the user interface, accepting user input, and delegating the user interaction logic to the controller. The view is represented as composition of components, which is formally known as the composite design pattern.

Let's take a look at the following structural diagram, which shows the composite design pattern:

Figure 5

Here, we have three classes:

  • An abstract class called Component.

  • Two concrete classes called Leaf and Composite. The Leaf class is a simple terminal component in the component tree that we will build soon.

The Component class defines an abstract operation called operation...

Angular modules


In AngularJS, we have the concept of modules. Modules there are responsible for grouping pieces of related functionality together and registering it internally during the bootstrap process. Unfortunately, they didn't provide features such as encapsulation and lazy loading.

Angular introduced the NgModules as part of the fifth release candidate of the framework. The main purpose of the new modules is to give a context for the Angular compiler and achieve a good level of encapsulation. For instance, if we are building a library with NgModules, we can have a number of declarations, which are used internally but not exported as part of the public interface. Let's take a look at the following example:

import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {CommonModule} from '@angular/common';
import {TabComponent} from './tab.component';
import {TabItemComponent} from './tab-item.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule],
  declarations: [TabComponent...

Pipes


In business applications, we often need to have different visual representations of the same piece of data. For example, if we have the number 100,000 and we want to format it as currency, most likely we won't want to display it as plain data; more likely, we'll want something like $100,000.

The responsibility for formatting data in AngularJS was assigned to filters. Another example for a data formatting requirement is when we use collections of items. For instance, if we have a list of items, we may want to filter it based on a predicate (a boolean function); in a list of numbers, we may want to display only the prime numbers. AngularJS has a filter called filter, which allows us to do this. However, the duplication of the names often leads to confusion. That's another reason the core team renamed the filter component to a pipe.

The motivation behind the new name is the syntax used for pipes and filters:

{{expression | decimal | currency}} 

In the preceding example, we apply the...

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Key benefits

  • ? Guide through the changes made from AngularJS with side-by-side code samples to help demystify the Angular learning curve ? Tips to start working with Angular?s new method of implementing directives ? Using TypeScript to write modern, powerful Angular applications ? Understanding the change detection method and other architectural changes ? Working with the new router in Angular ? Using new features of Angular, including pipes ? Understanding updated features of Angular, including forms, services and dependency injection ? Keeping new applications SEO-friendly with server-side rendering ? Enhancing applications using Ahead-of-Time compilation and Web Workers

Description

Want to build quick and robust web applications with Angular? This book is the quickest way to get to grips with Angular and take advantage of all its new features.

Who is this book for?

Who is this book for? ? Developers who are familiar with AngularJS and JavaScript ? Anyone looking to learn all about Angular ? IT professionals interested in assessing changes to Angular before moving over

What you will learn

  • You?ll learn how to take full advantage of Angular, with updates on the latest API changes introduced by Angular 2 and 4 and a crash-course on TypeScript. Whether building a new app with Angular ASP.NET or upgrading from Angular JS with ngUpgrade, this book will give you all the tools to complete your project.

Product Details

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Publication date : Feb 24, 2017
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787125278
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Length: 278 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787125278
Vendor :
Google
Languages :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Get Going with Angular Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. The Building Blocks of an Angular Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. TypeScript Crash Course Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Getting Started with Angular Components and Directives Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Dependency Injection in Angular Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Working with the Angular Router and Forms Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Explaining Pipes and Communicating with RESTful Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Tooling and Development Experience Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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