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Learning Network Programming with Java
Learning Network Programming with Java

Learning Network Programming with Java: Harness the hidden power of Java to build network-enabled applications with lower network traffic and faster processes

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Learning Network Programming with Java

Chapter 2. Network Addressing

For a program to communicate with another program, it must have an address. In this chapter, the use of addresses, including Internet addresses, will be examined. We will introduce many of the basic concepts in the first part of this chapter. This includes the architecture of networks and the protocols that are used to communicate between the nodes.

We will address several topics, including:

  • Network basics: This is where essential concepts and terms are introduced
  • Using the NetworkInterface class: This provides access to system devices
  • URL/UII/URN: We will discuss how these terms relate to each other
  • The Inet4Address and Inet6Address classes: We will discuss how these are used
  • Network properties: We will consider the properties that are configurable in Java

This will provide you with the foundation to pursue networking in more depth.

Networking basics

Networking is a broad and complex topic. In particular, a subtopic, such as addressing, is quite involved. We will introduce the terms and concepts that are commonly encountered and useful from a Java perspective.

Most of this discussion will focus on Java support for the Internet. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is recognized by most Internet users. However, the terms Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and Uniform Resource Name (URN) are not recognized or understood as well as URL. We will differentiate between these terms and examine the Java supporting classes.

A browser user would normally enter a URL for the site that they would like to visit. This URL needs to be mapped to an IP address. The IP address is a unique number identifying the site. The URL is mapped to an IP address using a Domain Name System (DNS) server. This avoids a user having to remember a number for each site. Java uses the InetAddress class to access IP addresses and resources.

UDP and TCP are used...

Using the NetworkInterface class

The NetworkInterface class provides a means of accessing the devices that act as nodes on a network. This class also provides a means to get low-level device addresses. Many systems are connected to multiple networks at the same time. These may be wired, such as a network card, or wireless, such as for a wireless LAN or Bluetooth connection.

The NetworkInterface class represents an IP address and provides information about this IP address. A network interface is the point of connection between a computer and a network. This frequently uses an NIC of some type. It does not have to have a physical manifestation, but it can be performed in software as done with the loopback connection (127.0.0.1 for IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6).

The NetworkInterface class does not have any public constructors. Three static methods are provided to return an instance of the NetworkInterface class:

  • getByInetAddress: This is used if the IP address is known
  • getByName: This is used if the...

Network addressing concepts

There are different types of network addresses. An address serves to identify a node in a network. For example, the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol was an earlier protocol that was used to access nodes on a network. The X.25 is a protocol suite for Wide Area Network (WAN) packet switching. A MAC address provides a unique identifier for network interfaces at the physical network level. However, our primary interests are IP addresses.

URL/URI/URN

These terms are used to refer to the name and location of an Internet resource. A URI identifies the name of a resource, such as a website, or a file on the Internet. It may contain the name of a resource and its location.

A URL specifies where a resource is located, and how to retrieve it. A protocol forms the first part of the URL, and specifies how data is retrieved. URLs always contain protocol, such as HTTP, or FTP. For example, the following two URLs use different protocols. The first one uses the HTTPS...

Controlling network properties

On many operating systems, the default behavior is to use IPv4 instead of IPv6. The following JVM options can be used when executing a Java application to control this behavior. The first setting is as follows:

-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=false

This is the default setting. If IPv6 is available, then the application can use either IPv4 or IPv6 hosts. If set to true, it will use IPv4 hosts. IPv6 hosts will not be used.

The second setting deals with the type of addresses used:

-Djava.net.preferIPv6Addresses=false

This is the default setting. If IPv6 is available, it will prefer IPv4 addresses over IPv6 addresses. This is preferred because it allows backward compatibility for IPv4 services. If set to true, it will use IPv6 addresses whenever possible.

Summary

This chapter provided an overview of the basic network terms and concepts. Networking is a large and complicated subject. In this chapter, we focused on those concepts that are relevant to networking in Java.

The NetworkInterface class was introduced. This class provides low-level access to the devices connected to a computer that support networking. We also learned how to obtain the MAC address for a device.

We focused on the support that Java provides to access the Internet. The foundation IP protocol was detailed. This protocol is supported by the InetAddress class. Java uses the Inet4Address and Inet6Address classes to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, respectively.

We also illustrated the use of the URI and URL classes. These classes possess several methods that allow us to obtain more information about specific instances. We can use these methods to split the URI or URL into parts for further processing.

We also discussed how to control some network connection properties. We will...

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Key benefits

  • Learn to deliver superior server-to-server communication through the networking channels
  • Gain expertise of the networking features of your own applications to support various network architectures such as client/server and peer-to-peer
  • Explore the issues that impact scalability, affect security, and allow applications to work in a heterogeneous environment

Description

Network-aware applications are becoming more prevalent and play an ever-increasing role in the world today. Connecting and using an Internet-based service is a frequent requirement for many applications. Java provides numerous classes that have evolved over the years to meet evolving network needs. These range from low-level socket and IP-based approaches to those encapsulated in software services. This book explores how Java supports networks, starting with the basics and then advancing to more complex topics. An overview of each relevant network technology is presented followed by detailed examples of how to use Java to support these technologies. We start with the basics of networking and then explore how Java supports the development of client/server and peer-to-peer applications. The NIO packages are examined as well as multitasking and how network applications can address practical issues such as security. A discussion on networking concepts will put many network issues into perspective and let you focus on the appropriate technology for the problem at hand. The examples used will provide a good starting point to develop similar capabilities for many of your network needs

Who is this book for?

Learning Network Programming with Java is oriented to developers who wish to use network technologies to enhance the utility of their applications. You should have a working knowledge of Java and an interest in learning the latest in network programming techniques using Java. No prior experience with network development or special software beyond the Java SDK is needed. Upon completion of the book, beginner and experienced developers will be able to use Java to access resources across a network and the Internet.

What you will learn

  • Connect to other applications using sockets
  • Use channels and buffers to enhance communication between applications
  • Access network services and develop client/server applications
  • Explore the critical elements of peer-to-peer applications and current technologies available
  • Use UDP to perform multicasting
  • Address scalability through the use of core and advanced threading techniques
  • Incorporate techniques into an application to make it more secure
  • Configure and address interoperability issues to enable your applications to work in a heterogeneous environment

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Dec 22, 2015
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785882562
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Product Details

Publication date : Dec 22, 2015
Length: 292 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785882562
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Concepts :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Getting Started with Network Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Network Addressing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. NIO Support for Networking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Client/Server Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Peer-to-Peer Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. UDP and Multicasting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Network Scalability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Network Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Network Interoperability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
(4 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 25%
3 star 25%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
JP Jan 25, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Java networking is ok
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Neroski Mar 03, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Much better than Java Network Programming Fourth Edition Edition. I do recommend this.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Francisco García Dec 15, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Compré este libro porque no conseguía conectar correctamente con un Arduino y necesitaba saber que opciones de conexiones tenía con Java. Copié el ejemplo que necesitaba y a funcionar. Va al grano y no entra en detalles más avanzados. Por lo que como libro de referencia para comunicaciones lo recomiendo.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
grems Dec 15, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
It's alright not too excited when I am reading this because it is something I could get from the Internet tutorial which is more helpful. I haven't done Java networking programming for a long time and just need to get back to it again. In the end, I only flip through few pages and develop my java swing Client and Server Cipher program (Affine, DES - file reader, DES-User input and RSA public key) by getting simple tips tutorialpoints.com and stack.exchange . In fact my programs only need simple networking features. However, for people without networking programming it might be a good start. I wish they lower the price though.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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