The Ackley function

Let's see the Ackley function:

Ackley function

Ackley function

Description

Dimensions: d

The Ackley function is widely used to test optimization algorithms. In its two-dimensional form, as shown in the preceding plot, it is characterized by a nearly flat outer region, and a large hole at the center. The function poses a risk for optimization algorithms, particularly hill-climbing algorithms, to be trapped in one of its many local minima.

Recommended variable values are a = 20, b = 0.2, and c = 2π.

Input domain

The function is usually...