Breaking of Program Invariants

Program invariants are invariants that should hold for the entire lifetime of your program.

Malicious race condition breaks an invariant of the program. The invariant of the program is that the sum of all balances should be the same amount. Which in our case is 200 euros because each account starts with 100 euro (line 9). I neither want to create money by transferring it nor do I want to destroy it.

Breaking an invariant of the program

 1 // breakingInvariant.cpp
 2 
 3 #include <atomic>
 4 #include <functional>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 #include <thread>
 7 
 8 struct Account{
 9   std::atomic<int> balance{100};                               
10 };
11                                                             
12 void transferMoney(int amount, Account& from, Account& to){
13   using namespace std::chrono_literals;
14   if (from.balance >= amount){
15     from.balance -= amount;  
16     std::this_thread:...