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Terraform Cookbook
Terraform Cookbook

Terraform Cookbook: Efficiently define, launch, and manage Infrastructure as Code across various cloud platforms

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Terraform Cookbook

Setting Up the Terraform Environment

Before you start writing the Terraform configuration file, it is necessary to install and configure a local development environment. This development environment will allow Terraform's configuration file to be written and validated as it is developed.

In the recipes in this chapter, we will learn how to download and install Terraform manually on a Windows machine, as well as how to install it using a script on Windows and Linux. We will also learn how to use Terraform in a Docker container before learning how to migrate the Terraform configuration written in version 0.11 to version 0.13.

In this chapter, we'll cover the following recipes:

  • Downloading and installing Terraform manually
  • Installing Terraform using a script on Linux
  • Installing Terraform using a script on Windows
  • Executing Terraform in a Docker container
  • Writing Terraform...

Technical requirements

This chapter does not require that you have any specific technical knowledge. We will mainly use graphical user interfaces and simple Linux and Windows scripts. However, knowledge of Docker is also recommended so that you can complete the Executing Terraform in a Docker container recipe.

Finally, for the IDE, we will use Visual Studio Code, which is available for free at https://code.visualstudio.com/.

The source code for this chapter is available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Terraform-Cookbook/tree/master/CHAP01.

Check out the following video to see the code in action: https://bit.ly/3h9noXz

Downloading and installing Terraform manually

In this recipe, we will learn how to download and install Terraform on a local machine under a Windows operating system.

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, the only prerequisite is that you're on a Windows operating system.

How to do it…

Perform the following steps:

  1. Open Windows File Explorer. Choose a location and create a folder called Terraform. We will use this to store the Terraform binary; for example, C:/Terraform.
  2. Launch a web browser and go to https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html.
  3. Scroll down the page until you reach the package for Windows:
  1. Click on the 64-bit link, which targets the Terraform ZIP package for the Windows 64-bit operating system. The package will be downloaded locally.
  2. Unzip the content of the downloaded ZIP file into the Terraform folder that we created in step 1:

The last thing we need to do to install Terraform is configure the Path environment variable by adding the path of the Terraform...

Installing Terraform using a script on Linux

In this recipe, we will learn how to install Terraform on a Linux machine using a script.

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, the only prerequisites are that you are running a Linux operating system and that you have an unzip utility installed. The gpg, curl, and shasum tools must be installed; they are often installed by default on all Linux distributions.

How to do it…

Perform the following steps:

  1. Open a command-line terminal and execute the following script:
TERRAFORM_VERSION="0.12.29"

curl -Os https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip \
&& curl -Os https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_SHA256SUMS \
&& curl https://keybase.io/hashicorp/pgp_keys.asc | gpg --import \
&& curl -Os https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_SHA256SUMS...

Installing Terraform using a script on Windows

In this recipe, we will learn how to install Terraform on a Windows machine using a script that uses the Chocolatey software package manager.

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, you'll need to be using a Windows operating system and have Chocolatey (https://chocolatey.org/) installed, which is a Windows software package manager.

If you don't have Chocolatey installed, you can easily install it by following these steps:

  1. Open a PowerShell terminal in administrator mode, as shown in the following screenshot:
  1. Then, execute this following script in the terminal:
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
The complete installation documentation for Chocolatey is available at https://chocolatey.org/install...

Executing Terraform in a Docker container

In the previous recipes of this chapter, we discussed how to install Terraform locally, either manually or via a script, depending on the local operating system.

In this recipe, we will learn how to run Terraform in a Docker container, which will allow us to enjoy the following benefits:

  • There is no need to install Terraform locally.
  • We can have a Terraform runtime environment independent of the local operating system.
  • We can test our Terraform configuration with different versions of Terraform.

Let's get started!

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, you'll need to know about Docker and its commands, as well as how to write Dockerfiles. Please read the documentation for more information: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/

On our local computer, we installed Docker using a tool called Docker Desktop for Windows.

For Docker installation guides for other operating systems, please read the Docker installation documentation...

Writing Terraform configuration in VS Code

Writing a Terraform configuration file does not require a special code editor. However, popular code editors have adapted and now offer plugins that simplify writing such a file.

In this recipe, we will focus on Visual Studio Code, which has the following benefits:

  • It's cross-platform, which means it can be installed on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
  • It's free of charge.
  • It has a multitude of extensions that cover all the needs of developers on a daily basis.

In this recipe, we will learn how to configure Visual Studio Code so that we can write the Terraform configuration. We'll also see how much faster it is to write code in this way.

Getting ready

For this recipe, you need to have Visual Studio Code installed on your local machine. You can install it by going to https://code.visualstudio.com/.

How to do it…

To use Visual Studio Code with Terraform, we need to install the respective extension and configure it.

To install...

Migrating your Terraform configuration to Terraform 0.13

Officially released in May 2019, version 0.12 of Terraform has brought many new features to the language, but also changes, and during this summer 2020, the new Terraform version 0.13 has been released, also providing new features and some changes.

We must take these changes into account before we upgrade the code.

In this recipe, we will discuss how to verify that our Terraform configuration is compatible with version 0.12. After that, we will learn how to migrate our Terraform configuration from version 0.11 to version 0.12 and then to version 0.13.

Getting ready

Before migrating your code from version 0.11 to the latest version (currently 0.13), you will need to have code that works with the latest version of Terraform 0.11, which is 0.11.14. You can download this version from https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.11.14/.

It is important to know that if your Terraform configuration is in version 0.11, it is not possible...

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Key benefits

  • Get up and running with the latest version of Terraform, v0.13
  • Design and manage infrastructure that can be shared, tested, modified, provisioned, and deployed
  • Work through practical recipes to achieve zero-downtime deployment and scale your infrastructure effectively

Description

HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) has changed how we define and provision a data center infrastructure with the launch of Terraform—one of the most popular and powerful products for building Infrastructure as Code. This practical guide will show you how to leverage HashiCorp's Terraform tool to manage a complex infrastructure with ease. Starting with recipes for setting up the environment, this book will gradually guide you in configuring, provisioning, collaborating, and building a multi-environment architecture. Unlike other books, you’ll also be able to explore recipes with real-world examples to provision your Azure infrastructure with Terraform. Once you’ve covered topics such as Azure Template, Azure CLI, Terraform configuration, and Terragrunt, you’ll delve into manual and automated testing with Terraform configurations. The next set of chapters will show you how to manage a balanced and efficient infrastructure and create reusable infrastructure with Terraform modules. Finally, you’ll explore the latest DevOps trends such as continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) and zero-downtime deployments. By the end of this book, you’ll have developed the skills you need to get the most value out of Terraform and manage your infrastructure effectively.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers, operators, and DevOps engineers looking to improve their workflow and use Infrastructure as Code. Experience with Microsoft Azure, Jenkins, shell scripting, and DevOps practices is required to get the most out of this Terraform book.

What you will learn

  • Understand how to install Terraform for local development
  • Get to grips with writing Terraform configuration for infrastructure provisioning
  • Use Terraform for advanced infrastructure use cases
  • Understand how to write and use Terraform modules
  • Discover how to use Terraform for Azure infrastructure provisioning
  • Become well-versed in testing Terraform configuration
  • Execute Terraform configuration in CI/CD pipelines
  • Explore how to use Terraform Cloud
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
Setting Up the Terraform Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Writing Terraform Configuration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Dynamic Environments with Terraform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using the Terraform CLI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sharing Terraform Configuration with Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Provisioning Azure Infrastructure with Terraform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep Diving into Terraform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Terraform Cloud to Improve Collaboration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
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5 star 77.8%
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2 star 22.2%
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Lauren Jan 15, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Bought this for my husband for Christmas! He's an engineer and finishing his bachelor's in computer science. He loves all things programming, so I looked for the newest version of a terraform or chef cookbook that was out and found this! He was so pleased it was released in 2020 as he was afraid I'd get him something outdated. He's learned a ton already and is really enjoying reading this.
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Charbel Hanna Oct 21, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I had the chance to read this book and I was really pleased by its content.noting that this is not the first book or terraform material that I read, I would say that this book contains valuable structured information with also access to code used in various chapters.it is certainly an asset for those starting their journey with terraform.
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Bruun Oct 24, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Finally a book that covers deployments in Azure instead of AWS. But the lessons learned can be applied to AWS, GCP and so on.I've enjoyed the book as it covers topics in detail with easy to follow examples. To my suprise it covered a wide range of topics (Terragrunt, Ansible, Azure DevOps, Sentinel). The author kept his wording and sentences simple making it an easy to read book. It will definitely help people get started on Terraform and will give new insights to the more experienced users.If a Hashicorp employee is reading this: please hire this guy to write your documentation and learning libraries.
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Sanchit Oct 21, 2020
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Even though it's a highly technical book, it is laid out brilliantly to address the fundamentals. Highly recommend for building a foundation
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Stefan Papp Jan 12, 2021
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I was looking for a book that not just explains some basics, but also goes into advanced topics and explains some details. Seems I found it.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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