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Home > Data > Database Administration > MySQL 8 Cookbook
MySQL 8 Cookbook
MySQL 8 Cookbook

MySQL 8 Cookbook: Over 150 recipes for high-performance database querying and administration

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Profile Icon Karthik Appigatla
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€41.99
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Karthik Appigatla
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€41.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.5 (4 Ratings)
Paperback Jan 2018 446 pages 1st Edition
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MySQL 8 Cookbook

Using MySQL

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

  • Connecting to MySQL using the command-line client
  • Creating databases
  • Creating tables
  • Inserting, updating, and deleting rows
  • Loading sample data
  • Selecting data
  • Sorting results
  • Grouping results (aggregate functions)
  • Creating users
  • Granting and revoking access to users
  • Selecting data into a file and table
  • Loading data into a table
  • Joining tables
  • Stored procedures
  • Functions
  • Triggers
  • Views
  • Events 
  • Getting information about databases and tables

Introduction

We are going to learn a lot of things in the following recipes. Let's take a look at each one in detail.

Connecting to MySQL using the command-line client

So far, you have learned how to install MySQL 8.0 on various platforms. Along with the installation, you will get the command-line client utility called mysql, which we use to connect to any MySQL server.

Getting ready

First you need to know to which server you need to connect. If you have the MySQL server installed on one host and you are trying to connect to the server from a different host (usually called client), you should specify the hostname or IP address of the server and the mysql-client package should be installed on the client. In the previous chapter, you installed both MySQL server and client packages. If you are already on the server (through SSH), you can...

Creating databases

Well, you have installed MySQL 8.0 and connected to it. Now it is time to store some data in it, that's what the database is meant for, after all. In any relational database management system (RDBMS), data is stored in rows, which is the basic building block of the database. Rows contain columns in which we can store several set of values.

For example, if you want to store information about your customers in a database.

Here is the dataset:

customer id=1, first_name=Mike, last_name=Christensen country=USA
customer id=2, first_name=Andy, last_name=Hollands, country=Australia
customer id=3, first_name=Ravi, last_name=Vedantam, country=India
customer id=4, first_name= Rajiv, last_name=Perera, country=Sri Lanka

You should save them as rows: (1, 'Mike', 'Christensen', 'USA'), (2, 'Andy', 'Hollands', &apos...

Creating tables

While defining columns in a table, you should mention the name of the column, datatype (integer, floating point, string, and so on), and default value (if any). MySQL supports various datatypes. Refer to the MySQL documentation for more details (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-types.html). Here is an overview of all datatypes. The  JSON datatype is a new extension, which will be discussed in Chapter 3, Using MySQL (Advanced):

  1. Numeric: TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, INT, BIGINT, and BIT.
  2. Floating numbers: DECIMAL, FLOAT, and DOUBLE.
  3. Strings: CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB, TEXT, ENUM, and SET.
  4. Spatial datatypes are also supported. Refer to https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/spatial-extensions.html for more details.
  5. The JSON datatype - discussed in detail in the next chapter.

You can create many tables inside a database...

Inserting, updating, and deleting rows

The INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT operations are called Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are also called write operations, or simply write(s). SELECT is a read operation and is simply called read(s).

How to do it...

Let's look at each of them in detail. I am sure you will enjoy learning this. I would suggest that you try a few things on your own as well, later. By the end of this recipe, we will also have gotten to grips with truncating tables.

Inserting

The...

Loading sample data

You have created the schema (databases and tables) and some data (through INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE). To explain the further chapters, more data is needed. MySQL has provided a sample employee database and a lot of data to play around with. In this chapter, we will discuss how to get that data and store it in our database.

How to do it...

  1. Download the zipped file:
shell> wget 'https://codeload.github.com/datacharmer/test_db/zip/master' -O master.zip
  1. Unzip the file:
shell> unzip master.zip
  1. Load the data:
shell> cd test_db-master

shell> mysql -u root -p < employees.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
INFO
CREATING DATABASE STRUCTURE...

Selecting data

You have inserted and updated data in the tables. Now it is time to learn how to retrieve information from the database. In this section, we will discuss how to retrieve data from the sample employee database that we have created.

There are many things that you can do with SELECT. The most common use cases will be discussed in this section. For more details on syntax and other use cases, refer to https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select.html.

How to do it...

Select all data from the departments table of the employee database. You can use an asterisk (*) to select all columns from a table. It is not recommended to use it, you should always select only the data you need:

mysql> SELECT...

Sorting results

You can order the result based on the column or aliased column. You can be specify DESC for descending order or ASC for ascending. By default, ordering will be ascending. You can combine the  LIMIT clause with ORDER BY to limit the results.

How to do it...

Find the employee IDs of the first five top-paid employees.

mysql> SELECT emp_no,salary FROM salaries ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;
+--------+--------+
| emp_no | salary |
+--------+--------+
|  43624 | 158220 |
|  43624 | 157821 |
| 254466 | 156286 |
|  47978 | 155709 |
| 253939 | 155513 |
+--------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.74 sec)

Instead of specifying the column name, you can also mention the position of the column in the SELECT statement. For example...

Introduction

We are going to learn a lot of things in the following recipes. Let's take a look at each one in detail.

Connecting to MySQL using the command-line client

So far, you have learned how to install MySQL 8.0 on various platforms. Along with the installation, you will get the command-line client utility called mysql, which we use to connect to any MySQL server.

Getting ready

First you need to know to which server you need to connect. If you have the MySQL server installed on one host and you are trying to connect to the server from a different host (usually called client), you should specify the hostname or IP address of the server and the mysql-client package should be installed on the client. In the previous chapter, you installed both MySQL server and client packages. If you are already on the server (through SSH), you can specify localhost, 127.0.0.1, or ::1.

Second, since you are connected to the server, the next thing you need to specify is to which port you want to connect on the server. By default, MySQL runs on port 3306. So, you should specify 3306.

Now you know where to connect. The next...

Creating databases

Well, you have installed MySQL 8.0 and connected to it. Now it is time to store some data in it, that's what the database is meant for, after all. In any relational database management system (RDBMS), data is stored in rows, which is the basic building block of the database. Rows contain columns in which we can store several set of values.

For example, if you want to store information about your customers in a database.

Here is the dataset:

customer id=1, first_name=Mike, last_name=Christensen country=USA
customer id=2, first_name=Andy, last_name=Hollands, country=Australia
customer id=3, first_name=Ravi, last_name=Vedantam, country=India
customer id=4, first_name= Rajiv, last_name=Perera, country=Sri Lanka

You should save them as rows: (1, 'Mike', 'Christensen', 'USA'), (2, 'Andy', 'Hollands', 'Australia'), (3, 'Ravi', 'Vedantam', 'India'), (4, 'Rajiv', 'Perera', 'Sri Lanka'). For this dataset, there are four rows described by three columns (id, first_name, last_name and...

Creating tables

While defining columns in a table, you should mention the name of the column, datatype (integer, floating point, string, and so on), and default value (if any). MySQL supports various datatypes. Refer to the MySQL documentation for more details (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-types.html). Here is an overview of all datatypes. The  JSON datatype is a new extension, which will be discussed in Chapter 3, Using MySQL (Advanced):

  1. Numeric: TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, INT, BIGINT, and BIT.
  2. Floating numbers: DECIMAL, FLOAT, and DOUBLE.
  3. Strings: CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB, TEXT, ENUM, and SET.
  4. Spatial datatypes are also supported. Refer to https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/spatial-extensions.html for more details.
  5. The JSON datatype - discussed in detail in the next chapter.

You can create many tables inside a database.

How to do it...

The table contains the column definition:

mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `company`.`customers` (
`id` int unsigned AUTO_INCREMENT...

Inserting, updating, and deleting rows

The INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT operations are called Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE are also called write operations, or simply write(s). SELECT is a read operation and is simply called read(s).

How to do it...

Let's look at each of them in detail. I am sure you will enjoy learning this. I would suggest that you try a few things on your own as well, later. By the end of this recipe, we will also have gotten to grips with truncating tables.

Inserting

The INSERT statement is used to create new records in a table:

mysql> INSERT IGNORE INTO `company`.`customers`(first_name, last_name,country)
VALUES 
('Mike', 'Christensen', 'USA'),
('Andy', 'Hollands', 'Australia'),
('Ravi', 'Vedantam', 'India'),
('Rajiv', 'Perera', 'Sri Lanka');

Or you can explicitly mention the id column, if you want to insert the specific id:

mysql> INSERT IGNORE INTO `company`.`customers`(id, first_name, last_name,country)
VALUES 
(1,...

Loading sample data

You have created the schema (databases and tables) and some data (through INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE). To explain the further chapters, more data is needed. MySQL has provided a sample employee database and a lot of data to play around with. In this chapter, we will discuss how to get that data and store it in our database.

How to do it...

  1. Download the zipped file:
shell> wget 'https://codeload.github.com/datacharmer/test_db/zip/master'-O master.zip
  1. Unzip the file:
shell> unzip master.zip
  1. Load the data:
shell> cd test_db-master

shell> mysql -u root -p < employees.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
INFO
CREATING DATABASE STRUCTURE
INFO
storage engine: InnoDB
INFO
LOADING departments
INFO
LOADING employees
INFO
LOADING dept_emp
INFO
LOADING dept_manager
INFO
LOADING titles
INFO
LOADING salaries
data_load_time_diff
NULL
  1. Verify the data:
shell> mysql -u root -p  employees -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the...

Selecting data

You have inserted and updated data in the tables. Now it is time to learn how to retrieve information from the database. In this section, we will discuss how to retrieve data from the sample employee database that we have created.

There are many things that you can do with SELECT. The most common use cases will be discussed in this section. For more details on syntax and other use cases, refer to https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select.html.

How to do it...

Select all data from the departments table of the employee database. You can use an asterisk (*) to select all columns from a table. It is not recommended to use it, you should always select only the data you need:

mysql> SELECT * FROM departments;
+---------+--------------------+
| dept_no | dept_name          |
+---------+--------------------+
| d009    | Customer Service   |
| d005    | Development        |
| d002    | Finance            |
| d003    | Human Resources    |
| d001    | Marketing          |
| d004...

Sorting results

You can order the result based on the column or aliased column. You can be specify DESC for descending order or ASC for ascending. By default, ordering will be ascending. You can combine the  LIMIT clause with ORDER BY to limit the results.

How to do it...

Find the employee IDs of the first five top-paid employees.

mysql> SELECT emp_no,salary FROM salaries ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;
+--------+--------+
| emp_no | salary |
+--------+--------+
|  43624 | 158220 |
|  43624 | 157821 |
| 254466 | 156286 |
|  47978 | 155709 |
| 253939 | 155513 |
+--------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.74 sec)

Instead of specifying the column name, you can also mention the position of the column in the SELECT statement. For example, you are selecting the salary at the second position in the SELECT statement. So, you can specify ORDER BY 2:

mysql> SELECT emp_no,salary FROM salaries ORDER BY 2 DESC LIMIT 5;
+--------+--------+
| emp_no | salary |
+--------+--------+
|  43624 | 158220 |
|  43624 ...

Grouping results (aggregate functions)

You can group the results using the GROUP BY clause on a column and then use AGGREGATE functions, such as COUNT, MAX, MIN, and AVERAGE. You can also use the function on a column in a group by clause. See the SUM example where you will use the YEAR() function.

How to do it...

Each of the previously-mentioned aggregate functions will be introduced to you here in detail.

COUNT

  1. Find the count of male and female employees:
mysql> SELECT gender, COUNT(*) AS count FROM employees GROUP BY gender;
+--------+--------+
| gender | count  |
+--------+--------+
| M      | 179973 |
| F      | 120051 |
+--------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.14 sec)
  1. You want to find the 10 most common first names of the employees. You can use GROUP BY first_name to group all the first names, then COUNT(first_name) to find the count inside the group, and finally the ORDER BY count to sort the results. LIMIT these results to the top 10:
mysql> SELECT first_name, COUNT(first_name) AS count...

Creating users

So far, you have used only the root user to connect to MySQL and execute statements. The root user should never be used while accessing MySQL, except for administrative tasks from localhost. You should create users, restrict the access, restrict the resource usage, and so on. For creating new users, you should have the CREATE USER privilege that will be discussed in the next section. During the initial set up, you can use the root user to create other users.

How to do it...

Connect to mysql using the root user and execute CREATE USER command to create new users.

mysql> CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'company_read_only'@'localhost' 
IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password 
BY 'company_pass' 
WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 500 
MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 100;

You might get the following error if the password is not strong.

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

The preceding statement will create users with:

  • * Username: company_read_only.
  • * access only from...

Granting and revoking access to users

You can restrict the user to access specific databases or tables and also only specific operations, such as SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE. For granting privileges to other users, you should have the GRANT privilege. 

How to do it...

During the initial setup, you can use the root user to grant privileges. You can also create an administrative account to manage the users.

Granting privileges

  • Grant the READ ONLY(SELECT) privileges to the company_read_only user:
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON company.* TO 'company_read_only'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

The asterisk (*) represents all tables inside the database.

  • Grant the INSERT privilege to the new company_insert_only user:
mysql> GRANT INSERT ON company.* TO 'company_insert_only'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)
mysql> SHOW WARNINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Level: Warning
   Code: 1287
Message: Using GRANT...

Selecting data into a file and table

You can save the output into a file using the SELECT INTO OUTFILE statement.

You can specify the column and line delimiters, and later you can import the data into other data platforms.

How to do it...

You can save the output destination as a file or a table.

Saving as a file

  • To save the output into a file, you need the FILE privilege. FILE is a global privilege, which means you cannot restrict it for a particular database. However, you can restrict what the user selects:
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON employees.* TO 'user_ro_file'@'%' IDENTIFIED  WITH mysql_native_password AS '*EBD9E3BFD1489CA1EB0D2B4F29F6665F321E8C18';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT FILE ON *.* TO 'user_ro_file'@'%' IDENTIFIED  WITH mysql_native_password AS '*EBD9E3BFD1489CA1EB0D2B4F29F6665F321E8C18';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  • On Ubuntu, by default, MySQL will not allow you to write to file. You should set secure_file_priv in the config file...
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Key benefits

  • Store, retrieve, and manipulate your data using the latest MySQL 8 features
  • Practical recipes on effective administration in MySQL, with a focus on security, performance tuning, troubleshooting, and more
  • Contains tips, tricks, and best practices for designing, developing, and administering your MySQL 8 database solution without any hassle

Description

MySQL is one of the most popular and widely used relational databases in the World today. The recently released MySQL 8 version promises to be better and more efficient than ever before. This book contains everything you need to know to be the go-to person in your organization when it comes to MySQL. Starting with a quick installation and configuration of your MySQL instance, the book quickly jumps into the querying aspects of MySQL. It shows you the newest improvements in MySQL 8 and gives you hands-on experience in managing high-transaction and real-time datasets. If you've already worked with MySQL before and are looking to migrate your application to MySQL 8, this book will also show you how to do that. The book also contains recipes on efficient MySQL administration, with tips on effective user management, data recovery, security, database monitoring, performance tuning, troubleshooting, and more. With quick solutions to common and not-so-common problems you might encounter while working with MySQL 8, the book contains practical tips and tricks to give you the edge over others in designing, developing, and administering your database effectively.

Who is this book for?

If you are a MySQL developer or administrator looking for quick, handy solutions to solve the most common and not-so-common problems in MySQL, this book is for you. MySQL DBAs looking to get up-to-speed with the latest MySQL 8 development and administration features will also find this book very useful. Prior knowledge of Linux and RDBMS is desirable.

What you will learn

  • Install and configure your MySQL 8 instance without any hassle
  • Get to grips with new features of MySQL 8 like CTE, Window functions and many more
  • Perform backup tasks, recover data and set up various replication topologies for your database
  • Maximize performance by using new features of MySQL 8 like descending indexes, controlling query optimizer and resource groups
  • Learn how to use general table space to suit the SaaS or multi-tenant applications
  • Analyze slow queries using performance schema, sys schema and third party tools
  • Manage and monitor your MySQL instance and implement efficient performance-tuning tasks
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Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jan 25, 2018
Length: 446 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788395809
Category :
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Concepts :
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Tools :
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Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Romania

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Publication date : Jan 25, 2018
Length: 446 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788395809
Category :
Data
Concepts :
Database Administration
Tools :
MySQL

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Table of Contents

14 Chapters
MySQL 8 - Installing and Upgrading Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
MySQL 8 - Installing and Upgrading
Introduction
Installing MySQL using YUM/APT
Installing MySQL 8.0 using RPM or DEB files
Installing MySQL on Linux using Generic Binaries
Starting or Stopping MySQL 8
Uninstalling MySQL 8
Managing the MySQL Server with systemd
Downgrading from MySQL 8.0
Upgrading to MySQL 8.0
Installing MySQL utilities
Using MySQL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using MySQL
Introduction
Connecting to MySQL using the command-line client
Creating databases
Creating tables
Inserting, updating, and deleting rows
Loading sample data
Selecting data
Sorting results
Grouping results (aggregate functions)
Creating users
Granting and revoking access to users
Selecting data into a file and table
Loading data into a table
Joining tables
Stored procedures
Functions
Triggers
Views
Events
Getting information about databases and tables
Using MySQL (Advanced) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using MySQL (Advanced)
Introduction
Using JSON
Common table expressions (CTE)
Generated columns
Window functions
Configuring MySQL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Configuring MySQL
Introduction
Using config file
Using global and session variables
Using parameters with startup script
Configuring the parameters
Changing the data directory
Transactions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Transactions
Introduction
Performing transactions
Using savepoints
Isolation levels
Locking
Binary Logging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Binary Logging
Introduction
Using binary logging
Binary log format
Extracting statements from a binary log
Ignoring databases to write to a binary log
Relocating binary logs
Backups Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Backups
Introduction
Taking backups using mysqldump
Taking backups using mysqlpump
Taking backups using mydumper
Taking backups using flat files
Taking backups using XtraBackup
Locking instances for backup
Binary log backup
Restoring Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Restoring Data
Introduction
Recovering from mysqldump and mysqlpump
Recovering from mydumper using myloader
Recovering from flat file backup
Performing point-in-time recovery
Replication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Replication
Introduction
Setting up replication
Setting up master-master replication
Setting up multi-source replication
Setting up replication filters
Switching slave from master-slave to chain replication
Switching the slave from chain replication to master-slave
Setting up delayed replication
Setting up GTID replication
Setting up semi-synchronous replication
Table Maintenance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Table Maintenance
Introduction
Installing Percona Toolkit
Altering tables
Moving tables across databases
Altering tables using an online schema change tool
Archiving tables
Cloning tables
Partitioning tables
Partition pruning and selection
Partition management
Partition information
Efficiently managing time to live and soft delete rows
Managing Tablespace Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Tablespace
Introduction
Changing the number or size of InnoDB redo log files
Resizing the InnoDB system tablespace
Creating file-per-table tablespaces outside the data directory
Copying file-per-table tablespaces to another instance
Managing UNDO tablespace
Managing general tablespace
Compressing InnoDB tables
Managing Logs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Logs
Introduction
Managing the error log
Managing the general query log and slow query log
Managing the binary logs
Performance Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Performance Tuning
Introduction
The explain plan
Benchmarking queries and the server
Adding indexes
Invisible index
Descending index
Analyzing slow queries using pt-query-digest
Optimizing datatypes
Removing duplicate and redundant indexes
Checking index usage
Controlling the query optimizer
Using index hints
Indexing for JSON using generated columns
Using resource groups
Using performance_schema
Using the sys schema
Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Security
Introduction
Securing installation
Restricting networks and users
Password-less authentication using mysql_config_editor
Resetting the root password
Setting up encrypted connections using X509
Setting up SSL replication

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Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.5
(4 Ratings)
5 star 25%
4 star 50%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 25%
K. Sai Kiran Jul 26, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I really liked the performance tuning chapter. Apt data sets and queries are shown to illustrate the optimizations.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Omega Jan 08, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
a great book as a handy reference.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Bo Green Oct 30, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
would like to see more valueable content
Amazon Verified review Amazon
c shah Nov 17, 2018
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I have purchased kindle version of this book. It is pathetic. The formatting of the chapter is not readable.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the author

Profile icon Karthik Appigatla
Karthik Appigatla
Karthik Appigatla is a highly reputed database architect and is very famous for performance tuning. He has been consulted by many companies all over the world for designing, performance tuning, building database infrastructure, and training. In his decade of experience, he has worked for companies such as Yahoo, Pythian, and Percona. Currently, he is working for LinkedIn, where he has innovated a new way of analyzing queries. He gave a talk about this at SRECon, Dublin in 2017.
Read more
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Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

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Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


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