Chapter 1, Classical Polymorphism and Generic Programming, covers classical polymorphism (virtual member functions) and generic programming (templates).
Chapter 2, Iterators and Ranges, explains the concept of iterator as a generalization of pointer, and the utility of half-open ranges expressed as a pair of iterators.
Chapter 3, The Iterator-Pair Algorithms, explores the vast variety of standard generic algorithms that operate on ranges expressed as iterator-pairs.
Chapter 4, The Container Zoo, explores the almost equally vast variety of standard container class templates, and which containers are suitable for which jobs.
Chapter 5, Vocabulary Types, walks you through algebraic types such as std::optional. and ABI-friendly type-erased types such as std::function.
Chapter 6, Smart Pointers, teaches the purpose and use of smart pointers.
Chapter 7, Concurrency, covers atomics, mutexes, condition variables, threads, futures, and promises.
Chapter 8, Allocators, explains the new features of C++17's <memory_resource> header.
Chapter 9, Iostreams, explores the evolution of the C++ I/O model, from <unistd.h> to <stdio.h> to <iostream>.
Chapter 10, Regular Expressions, teaches regular expressions in C++.
Chapter 11, Random Numbers, walks you through C++'s support for pseudo-random number generation.
Chapter 12, Filesystem, covers the new-in-C++17 <filesystem> library.