176. Closing the electrical panel after JDK 17

Do you remember our electrical panel model introduced earlier in Problems 172 and 173? In Problem 173, we closed this model as much as possible by using the Java capabilities available before JDK 17. Now, we can revisit that model (Problem 173) and close it completely via JDK 17 sealed classes.

We start with the ElectricComponent interface, which is declared as follows:

public interface ElectricComponent {}

At this moment, this interface is not closed. It can be extended/implemented from any other point of the application. But we can close it by transforming it into a sealed interface with the proper permits clause, as follows:

public sealed interface ElectricComponent
  permits ElectricCircuit, ElectricBreaker, 
          Capacitor, Resistor, Transistor {}

Next, let’s focus on the semi-closed ElectricCircuit class. This is an abstract class that uses a package-private constructor to block any extension from...