Breaking down a catastrophe modeling problem for our package

The project that we are going to build is a catastrophe model. This is where we calculate the probability of a catastrophe such as a hurricane, flood, or terror attack happening in a particular geographical location. We could do this using longitude and latitude coordinates. However, if we are going to do this, it is going to take a lot of computational power and time with little benefit. For instance, if we were going to calculate the probability of the flooding at Charing Cross Hospital in London, we could use the coordinates 51.4869° N, 0.2195° W.

However, if we use the coordinates 51.4865° N, 0.2190° W, we would still be hitting Charing Cross Hospital, despite us changing the coordinates by 0.0004° N, 0.0005° W. We could change the coordinates even more and we would still be hitting Charing Cross Hospital. Therefore, we would be doing loads of computations to calculate repeatedly the probability...