Both R and pandas go a step further to make data manipulation a bit more expressive than most programming languages. For example, many iterative tasks that would otherwise require a for loop (such as selecting a column) can be done using a single line of code.
However, there are still aspects of data manipulation that could be expressed a bit more directly. Recall that in previous chapter, a number of processing steps and variables were used to filter the data and find the result. It can be hard to express a large number of data manipulation operations in a way that is descriptive and contained.
Ideally, it should be possible to express each of the steps for processing data in one sequence of code, and in a way that reflects the function of each processing step. A number of packages build on the R programming language and environment in...
