Looking at filesystem storage

Filesystems are a bit of a borderline concept when it comes to data storage systems. To be clear, filesystem storage is a barely structured system providing APIs, schemas, and advanced features, like the other storage systems that we have seen so far. However, it is still a very relevant layer in many applications, and there are some new storage infrastructures that provide advanced features, so I think it's worth having a quick overview of some core concepts.

Filesystem storage should not be an alien concept to most of us. It is a persistent storage system backed by specific hardware (spinning or solid-state disks). There are many different filesystems, which can be considered the protocol used to abstract the read and write operations from and to such specific hardware. Other than creating, updating, and deleting files, and the arrangement of these files into folders, filesystems can provide other advanced features, such as journaling (to reduce...