How containerization works
Virtualization in computing is all about software simulating the functions of hardware. For example, my laptop is one computer. But on my computer, I can run software that pretends to be several different computers at the same time. (Thank goodness I expanded the RAM in my laptop to 64 GB, because each of those simulated computers could need 4 GB of memory!) The CPU, RAM, disk drive, and I/O device interfaces for each of those computers are simulated in the software. The software uses my laptop’s real CPU, RAM, disk drive, and I/O interfaces and allocates their capacity to make several imaginary computers. When operating systems and applications are installed in those imaginary computers, as far as the operating systems and applications know, they are each running on their own physical computer.
There are two common ways to deploy virtualization on cloud networks—VMs and containers.
VMs
VMs are simulated computers, as I described in...