Summary
In this chapter, we explored the GPIO peripheral, a critical peripheral in microcontrollers that is essential for interfacing with various external components. We began by understanding the organization of GPIO ports and pins, covering both general-purpose and alternate functions.
The STM32F411 microcontroller series features several ports, each equipped with registers to manage configuration, data handling, and functionality.
We introduced the registers associated with the GPIO peripheral, including configuration registers such as GPIOx_MODER, GPIOx_OTYPER, GPIOx_OSPEEDR, and GPIOx_PUPDR, as well as data registers such as GPIOx_IDR and GPIOx_ODR. We also covered GPIOx_BSRR (bit-set/reset register) for atomic pin state control and GPIOx_LCKR (locking register) for preventing accidental configuration changes. Additionally, we explored the GPIO alternate function registers (GPIOx_AFRL and GPIOx_AFRH), which enable versatile pin usage by assigning specific peripheral functions...
