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WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide
WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide

WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide: Manage and administer your IBM WebSphere application server to create a reliable, secure, and scalable environment for running your applications with this book and eBook

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WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide

Chapter 2. Deploying your Applications

We have installed an application server, now we will want to deploy applications. Applications can be installed manually or in an automated fashion using scripts. In this chapter, we will cover how to manually deploy a J2EE (Enterprise Edition) application, covering automated deployments in Chapter 4. As we walk through this chapter, we will show you how to deploy two applications. One application does not require database connectivity; the second is a database aware application which requires some WebSphere configuration to provide database connectivity to the application.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Application server internals

  • The web container

  • Virtual hosts

  • WebSphere ports

  • Data sources

  • Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)

  • Application deployment

  • J2EE applications

  • Enterprise Archive (EAR)

  • Web Archive (WAR)

  • Java Archive (JAR)

Inside the Application Server

Before we look at deploying an application, we will quickly run over the internals...

Inside the Application Server


Before we look at deploying an application, we will quickly run over the internals of WebSphere Application Server ( WAS). The anatomy of WebSphere Application Server is quite detailed, so for now, we will briefly explain the important parts of WebSphere Application Server, discovering more about the working internals as we work through each of the remaining chapters.

The figure below shows the basic architecture model for a WebSphere Application Server JVM. There are many more components which we will cover in later chapters.

An important thing to remember is that the WebSphere product code base is the same for all operating-systems (platforms). The Java applications that are deployed are written once and can be deployed to all versions of a given WebSphere release without any code changes.

JVM

All WebSphere Application Servers are essentially Java Virtual Machines (JVMs). IBM has implemented the J2EE application server model in a way which maximises the J2EE...

Application file types


There are three file types we work with in Java applications. Two can be installed via the WebSphere deployment process. One is known as an EAR file, and the other is a WAR file. The third is a JAR file (often re-usable common code) which is contained in either the WAR or EAR format. The explanation of these file types is shown in the following table:

File Type

Description

JAR file

A JAR file (or Java ARchive) is used for organising many files into one. The actual internal physical layout is much like a ZIP file. A JAR is generally used to distribute Java classes and associated metadata. In J2EE applications, the JAR file often contains utility code, shared libraries, and EJBS. An EJB is a server-side model that encapsulates the business logic of an application and is one of several Java APIs in the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition with its own specification. You can visit http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/ for information on EJBs.

EAR file

An Enterprise Archive...

Deploying an application


As WebSphere administrators, we are asked to deploy applications. These applications may be written in-house or delivered by a third-party vendor. Either way, they will most often be provided as an EAR file for deployment into WebSphere. You may remember this from Chapter 1, where we created a profile and opted not to install an EAR file called the default application. For the purpose of understanding a manual deployment, we are now going to install the default application. The default application can be located in the<was_root>/ installableApps folder. The following steps will show how we deploy the EAR file.

Open the administration console and navigate to the Applications section and click on New Application as shown below

You now see the option to create one of the following three types of applications:

Application Type

Description

Enterprise Application

An EAR file on a server configured to hold installable Web Applications, WAR, Java archives,...

Starting and stopping your applications


In the WebSphere enterprise applications screen, we will see a list of applications which have been installed and their current state. Below is a table explaining the actions which can be performed against one or more selected applications.

Option

Description

Start

When an application is stopped, you will see a icon.

To start, select one or more applications and click on the Start button.

Stop

When an application is started, you will see a icon.

To stop, select one or more applications and click the Stop button.

Install

As a part of deploying an application, you install application files on a server. Depending on EAR/WAR complexity, the deployment wizard will dynamically produce a guide of steps which requires user input.

Uninstall

Select applications you wish to uninstall. It is recommended you stop applications first.

Update

Used to apply delta updates. Only the application code elements that have been changed in the application...

Data access applications


We have just deployed an application that did not require database connectivity. Often, applications in the business world require access to a RDBMS to fulfill their business objective. If an application requires the ability to retrieve from, or store information in, a database, then you will need to create a data source which will allow the application to connect and use the database (DB).

Looking at the figure below, we can see the logical flow of the sample data access application that we are going to install. The basic idea of the application is to display a list of tables that exist in a database schema. Since the application requires a database connection, we need to configure WebSphere before we can deploy the application. We will now cover the preparation work before we install our application.

Data sources

Each data source is associated with a JDBC provider that is configured for access to a specific database type. The data source provides connectivity which...

Deploying a data access application


Now that we have created a JDBC provider and a data source which uses the provider, we are now ready to deploy a data access application. Our application comes in the form of an EAR file called HRLister.ear, which can be downloaded from the PACKT Publishing web site at the following location: www.packtpub.com.

The HRLister EAR file contains a single web application which, in turn, contains a servlet called listtable. The application is used to show how to deploy an application which uses a resource reference. The resource reference uses a JNDI lookup to find the data source and allow the application to connect to the HR database.

Our application contains several deployment descriptors; one is called application.xml and the other is called web.xml. The two descriptors detail certain configuration information which will be used by WebSphere during deployment.

During our deployment, we will select the detailed approach so we can see what kinds of steps are...

Using the application


Select the HRLister application, as shown in the following screenshot, and click Start to start the application.

Once the HR Lister application has started, open a browser and navigate to the following URL:

http://<host_name>:9080/hrlister/listtable

The URL can be broken up as follows:

<host_name>:<port>/<context_root>/<URL>

<host_name> = iaddress or hostname

<port> = 9080, the default host port for WebSphere

<URI> = the resource name, that is, the ListTable servlet

As it loads, the ListTable servlet will connect to the HR database and list the tables in the HR schema, as shown in the following screenshot:

Congratulations! You have now successfully installed and configured a data access application.

Summary


In this chapter, we learned about Java Virtual Machines (JVMs), the web container, virtual hosts,and about deploying applications. We have covered the three different file types used in J2EE applications. A JAR file contains Java utility classes, EJBs, and sometimes shared libraries alongside other manifest information. WAR files are the containers for web application artefacts and EAR files can contain a mixture of WARs and JARs. We deployed two types of applications, one being a simple web application and the other being a data access application which was connected to a database. In this chapter, we focused on Oracle, however, we know that we could use any other database vendor and WebSphere can be easily configured to talk to other RDBMS types. We focused on manual deployments in the installation of applications and later, in Chapter 4, we will cover how to automate deployments using administrative scripting.

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Key benefits

  • Create a reliable, secure, and flexible environment to build and run WebSphere applications efficiently
  • Learn WebSphere security, performance tuning, and debugging concepts with a variety of real-life examples
  • Thoroughly covers Java messaging, administrative agent, and product maintenance features
  • No previous knowledge of WebSphere is expected

Description

As an administrator you need a secure, scalable, resilient application infrastructure to support the developers building and managing J2EE applications and Service Oriented Architecture services. WebSphere application server, a product from IBM, is optimized to ease administration and improve runtime performance. It helps you run applications and services in a reliable, secure, and high-performance environment to ensure business opportunities are not lost due to application downtime. It's easy to get started and tame this powerful application server when you've got this book to hand. This administration guide will help you provide an innovative, performance-based foundation to build, run, and manage J2EE applications and SOA services, offering the highest level of reliability, security, and scalability. This book will take you through the different methods for installing WebSphere application server and demonstrate how to configure and prepare WebSphere resources for your application deployments. During configuration you will be shown how to administer your WebSphere server standalone or using the new administrative agent, which provides the ability to administer multiple installations of WebSphere application server using one single administration console. WebSphere security is covered in detail showing the various methods of implanting federated user and group repositories. The facets of data-aware and message-aware applications are explained and demonstrated giving the reader real-world examples of manual and automated deployments. Key administration features and tools are introduced, which will help a WebSphere administrator manage and tune their WebSphere implementation and application for success.

Who is this book for?

This book is for administrators with some experience in Java who want to get started with WebSphere. Existing WebSphere users will also find this book useful, especially as there are so many new features in the new version. No previous knowledge of WebSphere is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Install your applications manually and learn to automate the process using scripts
  • Secure the WebSphere application server s administrative console with different levels of access for administration
  • Save many hours of manual administrative efforts by automating the configuration of WebSphere
  • Learn how to read, configure, and search your server logs
  • Allow communication between applications by implementing Java messaging
  • Monitor performance and tune your applications and WebSphere for best performance
  • Remotely install applications on application servers using the administrative agent
  • Change application server configurations, stop and restart application servers, and create additional application servers from a single administrative console
  • Administer multiple application servers by using a single administrative console
  • Diagnose the problems using command-line tools when your WebSphere or applications are not running as they should
  • Keep your products up to date by using WebSphere product maintenance features
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Publication date : Aug 13, 2009
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Installing WebSphere Application Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying your Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Administrative Scripting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
WebSphere Configuration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
WebSphere Messaging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring and Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Administrative Features Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Administration Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Product Maintenance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1.8
(4 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 0%
3 star 25%
2 star 25%
1 star 50%
Jacek Laskowski Jan 25, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
The book "WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide" by Steve Robinson (Packt, August 2009) was my second book about WASv7 I could read recently with "Pro IBM WebSphere Application Server 7 Internals" from Apress as the first one. Not much I could say about the first book. I'll quote myself "It was a very horrible experience and lasted for way too long.". This time was different. It wasn't as much so I could recommend it without any warnings or such, but it was way better than the first book about WASv7 from Apress.When I took a look at the table of contents of the "WebSphere Application Server 7.0 Administration Guide" book I felt worried about having a copy of the WebSphere Application Server Version 7.0 Information Center (InfoCenter). WAS was there and I was there, but having merely glanced at its content I thought the book would make a difference. I needed a couple of examples in this book that would turn it into a fantastic, sample-rich workbook. Unfortunately, the missing word 'review' in the book's title would make a huge difference and place the book in a right category. That's why I'm not going to read such books any longer unless they convince me they're different than just a mere review of available features in a product. WAS is quite a huge beast and 300-page book isn't going to cover each and every feature with enough detail. Now, I understand the "Who this book is written for" on the end cover - "This book is for administrators with some experience in Java who want to get started with WebSphere". I wouldn't have put it better. I however can't agree with its ending "Existing WebSphere users will also find the book useful, especially as there are so many fresh features in the new version". That's the point - there are so many fresh features in WASv7 yet the book didn't pay much attention to them. It's misleading in my opinion.The very first (semi)chapter - Preface - started strong with "As a J2EE (Enterprise Edition) administrator...". Hasn't the acronym J2EE been buried already? Isn't the book supposed to talk about Java EE (or JEE for short) which is the acronym for Java EE 5 spec, which in turn is what WASv7 provides (among other features)? I was really worried with the wording. Then, a few sections further, I could read "Taking you through by examples" and "real-world examples of manual and automated deployments". That was it! I needed exactly the book. My expectation upped high (as it quickly turned up, it was a false alarm). I was reading along. Then, the section "What this book covers" explained what the chapters provide and I was sure Chapter 2. "Deploying your Applications" wasn't for me (too soft and about everything yet not much about WASv7 itself). When I read the description of the chapter 6. "WebSphere Messaging" a bad feeling of uncertainty came to me again as it was the first time I'd read "WebSphere Message Queuing" rather than "WebSphere MQ" and no SIBus was mentioned. Something was wrong. Other than that everything seemed fine. I liked that the author used other software like OpenLDAP and Oracle XE for his administration endeavor. I liked them being run on Linux, too. With a mixed feeling I read on.The chapter 1. "Installing WebSphere Application Server" started with a note that WASv7 for Linux works on CentOS, Fedora and Ubuntu which made this particular sentence worth many others in this book. This kind of information would hardly be found in the InfoCenter. I don't understand why the author assumed people would work on Windows (or other OSes) and use putty to connect to Linux where the WASv7 installation would be performed. Why was it better than assuming that readers would read about WASv7 administration on Linux with some pointers to its Windows-based administration counterparts (provided they differ)? Since the installation was performed in a GUI mode, XServer on the imaginary Windows box was necessary, which all ended up as 2 pages about nothing relevant to WASv7 installation. Although I like such additions (which make my toolbox more flexible), I don't think it was worth its time in this book. I wish it had been used for more explanation about the silent installation feature of WAS which took just 1,5 page with the section "Editing a response file" with...a single sentence (!) A unreadable file listing on page 24., a few typos (Centre, 'now' doubled in a sentence, eexamples, WebSphere as a host name whereas websphere should've been, spaces in a file path) and incorrect product names (X Windows, WebSphere 7, ivf) didn't make me happy with its content.The chapter 2. "Deploying your Application" demoed how to create database resources in WAS (JDBC provider and its accompanying data source) required by a data access application. It happened a couple of times when I asked myself who this book is targeted at. Sometimes, the author assumed that we're application development pros (page 74 about Authentication alias and how it relates to res-auth property of an EJB) yet it explained stuff one would know without being a pro - the different types of application modules (JARs, EARs, WARs). I'm still unable to decipher what the sentence "Saving this will persist the configuration to disk the resources to resources.xml" was supposed to mean. Again, a few typos (Share instead of Shared in "Map Share Libraries", JARS not JARs, "jdbc/hrdatasource" not "jdbc/mydatasource" as shown on the screenshot on page 78) found their place in this chapter, too. I'm still uncertain who should read the chapter - novice administrators, programmers or a mixture of them - and what their knowledge should be. It wasn't clear to me.The chapter 3. "Security" was pretty decent bunch of very useful information. I haven't got much security savvy and I hence was looking forward to reading the chapter. I wasn't disappointed at all. Quite detailed chapter about how to configure WASv7 and OpenLDAP as a user registry. I missed an example about federated repositories or configuring Kerberos. They would surely bring more value than explaining how to build OpenLDAP from the sources in the section "Configuring OpenLDAP". Some typos ("Operating System" not "Open Source" at page 83, "Internet Explorer" not "Internet explorer" at page 90, "implementation" not "implantation" at page 94, ".../etc/openldap" not ".../etc/openlda" and many others), unreadable screenshot at page 95 found their way into this chapter too. Despite its inefficiencies, I liked the chapter much.The chapter 4. "Administrative Scripting" begun. Honestly, I couldn't wait till I read it. The chapter started with a description of ws_ant and its use to deploy an enterprise application. A sample deployHR.xml file was provided. Unfortunatelly, ws_ant wasn't described in detail as I expected. There was way too less material and samples about its use in a book about WAS administration. The next tool described in the chapter was wsadmin. A couple of samples of using wsadmin in interactive and scripted mode upped the value of this chapter. I would recommend it for anyone who's on his/her way to WAS administration using Jython scripts. I liked it (although the typos found their place in this chapter too).The title of the chapter 5. "WebSphere Configuration" says it all. It described "key areas important to the administration [...] of WAS and [...] applications" (page 141). The directory structure of the product itself as well as profiles was presented. There's a note that points to the WASv7 InfoCenter for further investigation of the topic. I wish "FFDC logs" section took more than 4 sentences and a link to the InfoCenter's chapter would help a lot. A couple of typos and not much details on the topic. It could've been better, but what's available wasn't that bad.Finally, the chapter 6. "WebSphere Messaging" about the part of WAS I think is not understood very well by its administrators, myself including. The chapter begun with description of JMS and its concepts. There are figures with the concepts sketched that helped understand the spec. Next, the author went on to describing WebSphere messaging layer with its main actors: WebSphere Default JMS provider and WebSphere SIB. There was description of bus configuration and its JMS resources (queue connection factory and the queue itself) for the JMS demo application. The JMS Test Tool application was described, too. The section "Installing WebSphere MQ" let me know how it was to utilize WMQv7 for messaging layer which I haven't used before. Overall, the chapter was fine for WebSphere Messaging administration novices. For those who know what it is to administer the messaging layer of WAS I doubt anything will be of any importance. I hoped for some information about WASv7 features in this space, but I didn't find any.The chapter 7. "Monitoring and Tuning" described TPV and how to use it with the sample application. There's a table with JVM properties for WAS to control heap dump generation (page 225). I'm sure it was in this book when I have first seen it. This was that sort of information I'd expect more. A couple of pages about IBM Thread and Monitor Dump Analyzer for Java (JCA) greatly improved the quality of the chapter. Enough practical knowledge for me yet I wished more. I missed information on the latest additions in WASv7 in this space. Wasn't it the goal of the book?The next chapter 8. "Administrative Features" is about the new kid of WASv7 - the administrative agent. There're pages about using PMT to configure a profile for it and another application server node. I could read about IHS itself and its plugin installation with necessary details. Enough for the topic. Worth its time.The last chapters, 9. "Administration Tools" and 10. "Product Maintenance" presented administration tools and how to maintain WAS in a good shape. They're short yet very informative without much ado. Perhaps, not much to pleased anyone unless they're considered a starter for a longer read in other sources.I learned very little. To be honest, I was pretty happy the book finished. I don't think I would let myself be reading it any longer. I'm sure that reading the InfoCenter would bring more value than the book which seemed very informatory yet it merely scratched the surface of WASv7 administration. I didn't like "You can search Google to understand how..."-like advices in this book that seemed to have convinced me to find answers elsewhere.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
P. Hanbury Mar 17, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I was very dissapointed to order this book only to find out that it was for the Linux operating system rather than windows.Not only that, but then the Authors expected you to download the Linux System, Install and get it running. On top of this they then just gave you a link to dowdload the WAS software .... Hello everyone knows taht these links constantly change and surely the Authors could have had a cd attached to the back cover with the software included.Sadly i was put off and sent the book back for a refund. The Authors could have had a good book , if tehy had just not been lazy and tried to cut corners. For instance , They give you links to examples etc !!! hello not everyone has a internet connection .,.... This is just lazy and cheap by the Authors.Finally Amazon shouold have done better : They should make sure the description cleary indicates this book is not for windows !!! After all its now cost them in man hours having to reprosses the book.Could do better
Amazon Verified review Amazon
P. Hanbury Jun 29, 2010
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
This is a very frustrating book. Not worth the spend.Until you get it home, You will not realise thatthe examples/book are for a linux environment.Hence if u are using a windows environment, You will seeu have wasted our pennies.This should be made clear to the reader in the description so they dont wastethere time. I should say also, that the book was hastily put together & only skims the surfacevery poor
Amazon Verified review Amazon
cp Sep 18, 2009
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
You hope to buy a book like this to provide details that are not available from the WebSphere Info Center or Redbooks. This is a terribly disappointing book that appears hastily written and simply not worth spending money on. It does not provide detail on any new issues or problems you will experience when migrating to WebSphere v7.0. This book is in stark contrast to the excellent 'Pro WebSphere 7.0 Internals' book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela