Appendix A: Mathematical Foundations and Advanced TensorFlow

Here we will discuss some concepts that will be useful for helping you to understand certain details provided in the chapters. First, we will discuss several mathematical data structures found throughout the book, followed by a description of the various operations performed on those data structures. After that, we will discuss the concept of probabilities. Probabilities play a vital role in machine learning, as they usually give insights into how uncertain a model is about its prediction. Finally, we will conclude this appendix with a guide on how to use TensorBoard as a visualization tool for word embeddings.