The decorator pattern

A second interesting structural pattern to learn about is the decorator pattern, which allows a programmer to add responsibilities to an object dynamically, and in a transparent manner (without affecting other objects).

There is another reason why this pattern is interesting to us, as you will see in a minute.

As Python developers, we can write decorators in a Pythonic way (meaning using the language’s features), thanks to the built-in decorator feature.

Note

A Python decorator is a callable (function, method, or class) that gets a func_in function object as input and returns another function object, func_out. It is a commonly used technique for extending the behavior of a function, method, or class.

For more details on Python’s decorator feature, see the official documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#function

But this feature should not be completely new to you. We have already encountered commonly...