Applying object-relational mapping (ORM)

The most used object-relational mapping (ORM) that can work perfectly with the Flask framework is SQLAlchemy. This ORM is a boilerplated interface that aims to create a database-agnostic data layer to connect to any database engine. But compared to other ORMs, SQLAlchemy has support in optimizing native SQL statements, which makes it popular with many database administrators. When formulating its queries, it only requires Python functions and expressions to pursue CRUD operations.

Before using the ORM, the flask-sqlalchemy and psycopg2-binary extensions for the PostgreSQL database must be installed in the virtual environment using the following command:

pip install psycopg2-binary flask-sqlalchemy

What follows next is the setup of the database connectivity.

Setting up the database connectivity

Now, we are ready to implement the configuration file for our database setup. Flask 3.x supports the declarative extension of SQLAlchemy...