The 2011 standard
The 2011 revision to the C++ standard (commonly referred to as C++11) adds a wide range of new features, the most crucial one being the addition of native multithreading support, which adds the ability to create, manage, and use threads within C++ without the use of third-party libraries.
This standard standardizes the memory model for the core language to allow multiple threads to coexist as well as enables features such as thread-local storage. Initial support was added in the C++03 standard, but the C++11 standard is the first to make full use of this.
As noted earlier, the actual threading API itself is implemented in the STL. One of the goals for the C++11 (C++0x) standard was to have as many of the new features as possible in the STL, and not as part of the core language. As a result, in order to use threads, mutexes, and kin, one has to first include the relevant STL header.
The standards committee which worked on the new multithreading API each had their own sets of...
