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PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance
PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance

PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance: If you’re an intermediate to advanced database administrator, this book is the shortcut to optimizing and troubleshooting your PostgreSQL database. With a balanced mix of theory and practice, it will quickly hone your expertise.

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PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance

What this book covers

Chapter 1, PostgreSQL Versions introduces how PostgreSQL performance has improved in the most recent versions of the databases. It makes a case for using the most recent version feasible, in contrast to the common presumption that newer versions of any software are buggier and slower than their predecessors.

Chapter 2, Database Hardware discusses how the main components in server hardware, including processors, memory, and disks, need to be carefully selected for reliable database storage and a balanced budget. In particular, accidentally using volatile write-back caching in disk controllers and drives can easily introduce database corruption.

Chapter 3, Database Hardware Benchmarking moves on to quantifying the different performance aspects of database hardware. Just how fast is the memory and raw drives in your system? Does performance scale properly as more drives are added?

Chapter 4, Disk Setup looks at popular filesystem choices and suggests the trade-offs of various ways to layout your database on disk. Some common, effective filesystem tuning tweaks are also discussed.

Chapter 5, Memory for Database Caching digs into how the database is stored on disk, in memory, and how the checkpoint process serves to reconcile the two safely. It also suggests how you can actually look at the data being cached by the database, to confirm whether what's being stored in memory matches what you'd expect to be there.

Chapter 6, Server Configuration Tuning covers the most important settings in the postgresql.conf file, what they mean, and how you should set them. And the settings you can cause trouble by changing are pointed out, too.

Chapter 7, Routine Maintenance starts by explaining how PostgreSQL determines what rows are visible to which clients. The way visibility information is stored requires a cleanup process named VACUUM to reuse leftover space properly. Common issues and general tuning suggestions for it and the always running autovacuum are covered. Finally, there's a look at adjusting the amount of data logged by the database, and using a query log analyzer on the result to help find query bottlenecks.

Chapter 8, Database Benchmarking investigates how to get useful benchmark results from the built-in pgbench testing program included with PostgreSQL.

Chapter 9, Database Indexing introduces indexes in terms of how they can reduce the amount of data blocks read to answer a query. That approach allows for thoroughly investigating common questions like why a query is using a sequential scan instead of an index in a robust way.

Chapter 10, Query Optimization is a guided tour of the PostgreSQL optimizer, exposed by showing the way sample queries are executed differently based on what they are asking for and how the database parameters are set.

Chapter 11, Database Activity and Statistics looks at the statistics collected inside the database, and which of them are useful to find problems. The views that let you watch query activity and locking behavior are also explored.

Chapter 12, Monitoring and Trending starts with how to use basic operating system monitoring tools to determine what the database is doing. Then it moves onto suggestions for trending software that can be used to graph this information over time.

Chapter 13, Pooling and Caching explains the difficulties you can encounter when large numbers of connections are made to the database at once. Two types of software packages are suggested to help: connection poolers, to better queue incoming requests, and caches that can answer user requests without connecting to the database.

Chapter 14, Scaling with Replication covers approaches for handling heavier system loads by replicating the data across multiple nodes, typically a set of read-only nodes synchronized to a single writeable master.

Chapter 15, Partitioning Data explores how data might be partitioned into subsets usefully, such that queries can execute against a smaller portion of the database. Approaches discussed include the standard single node database table partitioning, and using PL/Proxy with its associated toolset to build sharded databases across multiple nodes.

Chapter 16, Avoiding Common Problems discusses parts of PostgreSQL that regularly seem to frustrate newcomers to the database. Bulk loading, counting records, and foreign key handling are examples. This chapter ends with a detailed review of what performance related features changed between each version of PostgreSQL from 8.1 to 9.0. Sometimes, the best way to avoid a common problem is to upgrade to version where it doesn't happen anymore.

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Key benefits

  • Learn the right techniques to obtain optimal PostgreSQL database performance, from initial design to routine maintenance
  • Discover the techniques used to scale successful database installations
  • Avoid the common pitfalls that can slow your system down
  • Filled with advice about what you should be doing; how to build experimental databases to explore performance topics, and then move what you've learned into a production database environment
  • Covers versions 8.1 through 9.0

Description

PostgreSQL database servers have a common set of problems they encounter as their usage gets heavier and requirements more demanding. You could spend years discovering solutions to them all, step by step as you encounter them. Or you can just look in here.All successful database applications are destined to eventually run into issues scaling up their performance. Peek into the future of your PostgreSQL database's problems today. Know the warning signs to look for, and how to avoid the most common issues before they even happen.Surprisingly, most PostgreSQL database applications evolve in the same way: Choose the right hardware. Tune the operating system and server memory use. Optimize queries against the database, with the right indexes. Monitor every layer, from hardware to queries, using some tools that are inside PostgreSQL and others that are external. Using monitoring insight, continuously rework the design and configuration. On reaching the limits of a single server, break things up; connection pooling, caching, partitioning, and replication can all help handle increasing database workloads. The path to a high performance database system isn't always easy. But it doesn't have to be mysterious with the right guide.

Who is this book for?

This book is aimed at intermediate to advanced database administrators using or planning to use PostgreSQL. Portions will also interest systems administrators looking to build or monitor a PostgreSQL installation, as well as developers interested in advanced database internals that impact application design.

What you will learn

  • Learn best practices culled from years of work scaling PostgreSQL installations to handle demanding applications
  • Uncover what makes hardware good or bad for high-performance database applications
  • Investigate making informed speed and reliability trade-offs
  • Tweak your operating system for best database performance
  • Benchmark your whole system from hardware to application
  • Learn how the server parameters that impact performance work using real examples
  • Understand how the query optimizer makes its decisions, and what to do when it makes the wrong ones
  • Monitor what happens on your server, both in and outside of the database
  • Find the best add-on tools that extend the core PostgreSQL database
  • Discover how to architect replicated systems using the latest features added to PostgreSQL 9.0

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Oct 20, 2010
Length: 468 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849510318
Vendor :
PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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Languages :
Tools :

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Product Details

Publication date : Oct 20, 2010
Length: 468 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781849510318
Vendor :
PostgreSQL Global Development Group
Category :
Languages :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

119 Chapters
What this book covers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
What you need for this book Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Who this book is for Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Conventions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reader feedback Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Customer support Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1. PostgreSQL Versions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Performance of historical PostgreSQL releases Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
PostgreSQL or another database? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
PostgreSQL tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
PostgreSQL application scaling lifecycle Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Performance tuning as a practice Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2. Database Hardware Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Balancing hardware spending Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reliable controller and disk setup Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3. Database Hardware Benchmarking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
CPU and memory benchmarking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Physical disk performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Disk benchmarking tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sample disk results Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4. Disk Setup Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Maximum filesystem sizes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Filesystem crash recovery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Linux filesystems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Solaris and FreeBSD filesystems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Windows filesystems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Disk layout for PostgreSQL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5. Memory for Database Caching Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Inspecting the database cache Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Crash recovery and the buffer cache Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Database buffer cache versus operating system cache Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Analyzing buffer cache contents Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6. Server Configuration Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with the live configuration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Server-wide settings Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Per-client settings Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
New server tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Dedicated server guidelines Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Shared server guidelines Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
pgtune Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7. Routine Maintenance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Transaction visibility with multiversion concurrency control Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Vacuum Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Autoanalyze Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index bloat Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Detailed data and index page monitoring Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring query logs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8. Database Benchmarking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
pgbench default tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Running pgbench manually Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Graphing results with pgbench-tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sample pgbench test results Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sources for bad results and variation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
pgbench custom tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Transaction Processing Performance Council benchmarks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9. Database Indexing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Indexing example walkthrough Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index creation and maintenance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced index use Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10. Query Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sample data sets Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
EXPLAIN basics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Query plan node structure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Explain analysis tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assembling row sets Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Processing nodes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Joins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Statistics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other query planning parameters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Executing other statement types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Improving queries Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
SQL Limitations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11. Database Activity and Statistics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Statistics views Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Cumulative and live views Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Table statistics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index statistics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Database wide totals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Connections and activity Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Locks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Disk usage Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Buffer, background writer, and checkpoint activity Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12. Monitoring and Trending Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
UNIX monitoring tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Windows monitoring tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Trending software Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 13. Pooling and Caching Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Connection pooling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Database caching Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 14. Scaling with Replication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hot Standby Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Replication queue managers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Special application requirements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other interesting replication projects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 15. Partitioning Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Table range partitioning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Horizontal partitioning with PL/Proxy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 16. Avoiding Common Problems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bulk loading Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Common performance issues Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Profiling the database Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Performance related features by version Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.5
(24 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 20.8%
3 star 12.5%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
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Leo Hsu Dec 30, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I've also read the companion PostgreSQL 9 Admin Cookbook. The Admin cookbook is an easier read, but this book had a lot more information I was unaware of and probably hit my weaker knowledge spots. There is very little overlap between the two books.What surprised me most about this book was how much of it is not specific to PostgreSQL, but in fact hardware considerations and testing that are pertinent to most relational databases. In that sense I wouldn't limit my recommendation to just PostgreSQL, but also to anyone using a relational database on Unix/Linux for a high load project.The PostgreSQL 9 High Performance book isn't going to teach you too much about writing better queries,day to day management (which is more of the focus of the Admin Book), or how to load data etc, but it will tell you how to determine when your database is under stress or your hardware is failing and adversely affecting your queries and what is causing that stress. It will also provide rules of thumb as to how to pick the best hardware for your project and budget, how to partition your data, what disks to put what kind of data. Various tuning and benchmarking techniques for highload testing.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Torsten Sep 20, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Nur einige Highlights:Viele glauben je mehr shared memory eine Datenbank hat, desto besser. Falsch! Greg erklärt wieso und welche durchaus negativen Effekte zu viel shared memory hat.In meiner Datenbank hatte ich eine Tabelle, für die der Planner je nach Parameterkombination eines Selects sehr unterschiedliche Pläne erzeugen konnte. Bevor ich das Buch gelesen hatte, hatte ich mit den verschiedenen Cost-Parametern gespielt, ohne Erfolg. Um den idealen Plan zu erzwingen, konnte ich je nach Parameterkombination entweder seqscans verbieten, oder Hashjoins oder Ähnliches. Eine andere Möglichkeit den Planner zur Benutzung bestimmter Idizes zu bewegen, war ein spezieller Tablespace mit anderen Cost-Parametern für diese Indizes. Nach dem Lesen des Buches, war mir klar, wo der Fehler lag und welche Schraube zu drehen ist, ohne zu solchen Tricks zu greifen.Greg beleuchtet alle Bereiche, die für die Performance einer Postgres DB entscheidend sind, angefangen von der Hardware über Platten/RAID, das Betriebssytem und die Auswahl des Filesystems bis hin zu den Konfigurationsparametern natürlich. Ich hätte mir mehr über SSD und z.B. BTRFS gewünscht. Das Buch wurde jedoch schon 2010 veröffentlicht. Damals gab es einfach nicht genügend Erfahrung.Sicher findet man all die Information in dem Buch auch irgendwo im Internet. Doch auf diese Weise dauert es einfach deutlich länger, bis man versteht. Das Buch gehört definitiv in das Regal eines jeden Postgres Admins, der mehr als ein paar hundert MB an Daten zu verwalten hat.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Bartosz Bilicki Jun 12, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excellent book. Very well written and pleasant to read.Provides a lot of details that help to actually understand what is going on in database. Every performance/optimization technique, configuration flag is explained in detail.First half of the book covers thinks like choosing hardware, processor, memory, disk, file system, RAID matrix ,etc. In spite of the fact that I am java programmer, not DB engineer I find this part interesting too; it is good to know how database does its job.Somewhat old (addresses postgreSQL 9.0 and older versions, we have 9.4 now), but I see no parts that are outdated. PostgreSQL have not changed that much (you may read release notes for 9.1-9.4) and basic principles (that are explained very well, in length and in great detail) are not to change anytime soon.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Vinicius Osiro Sep 15, 2015
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👍🏽
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Christian Schmitt Jan 19, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Momentan gibt es kaum bessere Bücher um das beste aus einer Datenbank herauszuholen.PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance hat mir sehr geholfen mehr über PostgreSQL zu erfahren und auch meine Applikationslogiken zu optimieren.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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