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Linux Kernel Programming

You're reading from   Linux Kernel Programming A comprehensive guide to kernel internals, writing kernel modules, and kernel synchronization

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Product type Paperback
Published in Mar 2021
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781789953435
Length 754 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Kaiwan N. Billimoria Kaiwan N. Billimoria
Author Profile Icon Kaiwan N. Billimoria
Kaiwan N. Billimoria
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Table of Contents (19) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Section 1: The Basics
2. Kernel Workspace Setup FREE CHAPTER 3. Building the 5.x Linux Kernel from Source - Part 1 4. Building the 5.x Linux Kernel from Source - Part 2 5. Writing Your First Kernel Module - LKMs Part 1 6. Writing Your First Kernel Module - LKMs Part 2 7. Section 2: Understanding and Working with the Kernel
8. Kernel Internals Essentials - Processes and Threads 9. Memory Management Internals - Essentials 10. Kernel Memory Allocation for Module Authors - Part 1 11. Kernel Memory Allocation for Module Authors - Part 2 12. The CPU Scheduler - Part 1 13. The CPU Scheduler - Part 2 14. Section 3: Delving Deeper
15. Kernel Synchronization - Part 1 16. Kernel Synchronization - Part 2 17. About Packt 18. Other Books You May Enjoy

The __init and __exit keywords

A niggling leftover: what exactly are the __init and __exit macros we see within the preceding function signatures? These are merely memory optimization attributes inserted by the linker.

The __init macro defines an init.text section for code. Similarly, any data declared with the __initdata attribute goes into an init.data section. The whole point here is the code and data in the init function is used exactly once during initialization. Once it's invoked, it will never be called again; so, once called, it is then freed up (via free_initmem()).

The deal is similar with the __exit macro, though, of course, this only makes sense with kernel modules. Once the cleanup function is called, all the memory is freed. If the code were instead part of the static kernel image (or if module support were disabled), this macro would have no effect.

Fine, but so far, we have...

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