Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: “The turtle module uses the concept of a cursor, known as a pen.”

A block of code is set as follows:

{ "type": "GeometryCollection",
  "geometries": [
    { "type": "Point",
      "coordinates": [
        [-89.33,30]]
    },

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

if (sinSigma == 0):
        distance = 0 # coincident points
        break
    cosSigma = sinU1*sinU2 + cosU1*cosU2*cosLam
    sigma = math.atan2(sinSigma, cosSigma)
    sinAlpha = cosU1 * cosU2 * sinLam / sinSigma
    cosSqAlpha = 1 - sinAlpha**2

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

pip install virtualenv

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see on screen. For instance, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in bold. Here is an example: “We’ll examine why you might want to learn a programming language as a geospatial analyst, as opposed to just using Geographic Information System (GIS) applications.”

Tips or important notes

Appear like this.