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Home > Mobile > Android Development > Learning Embedded Android N Programming
Learning Embedded Android N Programming
Learning Embedded Android N Programming

Learning Embedded Android N Programming: Customize your Android system with the power of embedded programming

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₱579.99 ₱2000.99
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Learning Embedded Android N Programming

Chapter 2. Obtaining the Source Code – Structure and Philosophy

In the previous chapter, we had an overview about the system layer-based architecture and we had our first hands-on experience, testing a real-world device using CTS tools suite.

In this chapter, the user will learn about the philosophy behind the Android and Google development model. We will show how the source code is organized, which are the main branches, and what the workflow is. We will create a step-by-step journey to retrieve the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) source code and prepare the environment by installing all the required tools.

The user will learn how to contribute to the Android Open Source Project, how to use tools such as git, the version-control system, and, repo, the repository manager.

To complete the chapter, we will dig into the AOSP folder structure, analyzing the most important components that create the most popular mobile operating systems of the world.

The Android philosophy

Android is an open source platform created to be compatible with a huge number of different devices, from a hardware point of view to a purpose point of view. The main goal is to provide a freely available software platform for both large enterprise companies and small independent makers or even single developers. Android aims to provide an easy way to create innovative solutions and bring them to market with no effort.

Everything started in 2005, when Google acquired Android Inc., a small company that was developing an operating system for mobile devices. A couple of years later, the Open Handset Alliance was born. In 2007, 84 companies, including mobile operators, handset manufacturers, and semiconductor and software companies, publicly announced their brand new, upcoming mobile operating system.

For one more whole year the project was kept a secret. Google worked hard to bring the project to version 1.0 and in 2008 Android was shown to the world. In the following...

Setting up the environment

The Android build system is officially supported by Ubuntu Linux. Google assures that the system setup, the environment setup, and all the requirements are easily reproducible on this particular Linux distribution. The truth is, nowadays, every Linux distribution can be prepared to perform a proper Android build with little effort.

To be closest to the guidelines and because we think that Ubuntu is the easiest system to set up for the job, in this book we are going to use Ubuntu Linux 15.04 to perform all our building procedures.

If you are working on OS X or Windows and you prefer to stick to these operating systems, we are going to show you how to achieve our goal even using a virtual machine.

Free space

The amount of free space on the hard drive needed by the build system is massive. The Android source code by itself can reach 100 gigabytes of occupied space. When we move to more advanced scenarios, such as building using a caching system, such as ccache, to speed...

Installing the required tools

Even if officially the supported Linux distribution is Ubuntu, the following procedures and commands are equally correct on every Debian-based distribution, if it is actually installed on your computer or is running as a virtual machine.

To be able to acquire the source code, retrieving it from Google git repository, we need to install git. Let's open a Terminal and run:

~$ sudo apt-get install git

Apt will ask for our super user password and will take care of installing git in the system. Once we have git, we need its trusted companion tool—repo. Repo does not need a real installation. It's a Python script, so we just need to download it and place it in a handy folder.

Let's create a bin folder in our home folder and add it to the system path:

~$ mkdir ~/bin
~$ export PATH=~/bin:$PATH

Now that we have a folder, we can download repo using curl:

~$ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo
~$ chmod a+x ~/bin...

Getting ready

As we already know, Google is the official manager of the entire hardware infrastructure supporting Android—everything is hosted and maintained by Google. The source code repository also provides a web UI to graphically navigate the source code. This source code browser is available at https://android.googlesource.com/.

The following screenshot shows an example of what the page looks like:

Getting ready

Every single item of the list shown in the previous screenshot is a git repository. This can give you a perfect idea of the importance of Google's repo tool—manually managing this many repositories would be pure madness! Using repo, retrieving, downloading, and creating the proper folder structure is a few-lines' task. Let's do it!

First things first—create a working folder. Open a Terminal and create a folder like this:

~$ mkdir WORKING_DIRECTORY
~$ cd WORKING_DIRECTORY

Once in the folder, run:

~/WORKING_DIRECTORY$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource...

A look inside AOSP

At this point, we have our copy of AOSP so we can start looking inside to see what the project consists of.

Before delving inside, we must warn you that, when generating a new build image from scratch, you won't find any of the Google applications that you can find on most of the Android devices. That is because the Google applications are not licensed under Apache 2.0 license, so they are not provided with the public project. We are talking about applications such as Play Store, Gmail, YouTube, Maps, and all other official Google apps.

These applications are provided only to the compatible devices, that is, the devices that pass the Compatibility Test Suite we met in the first chapter.

Being able to distribute an Android device with all Google's app on-board is no easy trip. After confirming that the device is compatible using CTS, it is also necessary to obtain a particular Google Mobile Services (GMS) license by contacting Google directly.

Obviously, you can...

The Android philosophy

Android is an open source platform created to be compatible with a huge number of different devices, from a hardware point of view to a purpose point of view. The main goal is to provide a freely available software platform for both large enterprise companies and small independent makers or even single developers. Android aims to provide an easy way to create innovative solutions and bring them to market with no effort.

Everything started in 2005, when Google acquired Android Inc., a small company that was developing an operating system for mobile devices. A couple of years later, the Open Handset Alliance was born. In 2007, 84 companies, including mobile operators, handset manufacturers, and semiconductor and software companies, publicly announced their brand new, upcoming mobile operating system.

For one more whole year the project was kept a secret. Google worked hard to bring the project to version 1.0 and in 2008 Android was shown to the world. In the following...

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Key benefits

  • Understand the system architecture and how the source code is organized
  • Explore the power of Android and customize the build system
  • Build a fully customized Android version as per your requirements

Description

Take a deep dive into the Android build system and its customization with Learning Embedded Android Programming, written to help you master the steep learning curve of working with embedded Android. Start by exploring the basics of Android OS, discover Google’s “repo” system, and discover how to retrieve AOSP source code. You'll then find out to set up the build environment and the first AOSP system. Next, learn how to customize the boot sequence with a new animation, and use an Android “kitchen” to “cook” your custom ROM. By the end of the book, you'll be able to build customized Android open source projects by developing your own set of features.

Who is this book for?

If you are a Java programmer who wants to customize, build, and deploy your own Android version using embedded programming, then this book is for you.

What you will learn

  • Master Android architecture and system design
  • Obtain source code and understand the modular organization
  • Customize and build your first system image for the Android emulator
  • Level up and build your own Android system for a real-world device
  • Use Android as a home automation and entertainment system
  • Tailor your system with optimizations and add-ons
  • Reach for the stars: look at the Internet of Things, entertainment, and domotics

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jul 29, 2016
Length: 282 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785283284
Vendor :
Google
Category :
Mobile
Languages :
Java
Concepts :
Android Development
Tools :
Android

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Publication date : Jul 29, 2016
Length: 282 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785283284
Vendor :
Google
Category :
Mobile
Languages :
Java
Concepts :
Android Development
Tools :
Android

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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
1. Understanding the Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Understanding the Architecture
An overview of the Android system
Android compatibility
Beyond Java
From Dalvik to ART runtime
Meeting the Compatibility Test Suite
Diving deeper with CTS Verifier
Summary
2. Obtaining the Source Code – Structure and Philosophy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Obtaining the Source Code – Structure and Philosophy
The Android philosophy
Setting up the environment
Installing the required tools
Getting ready
A look inside AOSP
Summary
3. Set up and Build – the Emulator Way Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Set up and Build – the Emulator Way
Preparing the host system
The Android build system
Creating a custom device
From zero to the screenlock
Summary
4. Moving to Real-World Hardware Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Moving to Real-World Hardware
Debugging tools
Choosing our hardware
Compiling Android for a real-world device
Bootloader mode
Flashing Android images
Summary
5. Customizing Kernel and Boot Sequence Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Customizing Kernel and Boot Sequence
An overview of the Linux kernel
Setting up the toolchain
Preparing the host system
Configuring the kernel
Compiling the kernel
Working with non-Google devices
Driver management
Altering the CPU frequency
Customizing the boot image
Android boot sequence
Summary
6. "Cooking" Your First ROM Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. "Cooking" Your First ROM
History of custom ROMs
An overview of Android recovery
Device permissions
Chef toolkit
Cooking our first ROM
Flashing our custom ROM
Summary
7. Tailoring Your Personal Android System Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Tailoring Your Personal Android System
Receiving over the air updates – OTA
Creating over the air updates
Advanced ROM customization
Hacking the Android framework
Enhancing the system performance
Advanced Linux kernel modding
Looking forward
Summary
8. Beyond the Smartphone Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Beyond the Smartphone
Meeting Arduino
Exploring the possibilities of the Internet of Things
Domotics
Can a green droid entertain you?
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.8
(5 Ratings)
5 star 40%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 20%
1 star 40%
Pieces Aug 22, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
If you want to learn how to build and customize android then this book is for you. It will save you from hours of digging through XDA posts and documentation. It gives you easy to follow step by step instructions to get up setup and building the android source quickly.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Curtis A Stamps Feb 23, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Everything I need to know
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Dec 11, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Not helpful.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Aug 25, 2016
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
not worth it.in many pages, super big screenshots are occupied.Description is so bed.I am really disappointed.Considering pricing this book, It is totally junk.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Vineeth Pillai Nov 15, 2016
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I bought this product directly from Pakt publishing. I was shocked to see that this book had nothing to do with Android N. This book mentions about Android Lollipop release in 2014. And minimally touches Marshmellow here and there, but doesn't even describe any differences between the android versions.When I talked to pakt publishing, they were not even accepting return even though they are clearly cheating with a misleading title.As some other reviewer noted, they tried to fill in the pages with super big screenshots.Please don't waste time and money buying this.. The book is not worth at all
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the author

Profile icon Morgillo
Morgillo
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Ivan Morgillo is a computer engineer, a conference speaker, and a community organizer. He is passionate about programming and embedded systemsfrom DIY domotics to Android devices. He is cofounder of Alter Ego Solutions, a mobile development consulting company. He is also the author of RxJava Essentials, by Packt Publishing and Grokking Rx, by Manning Publications.
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