Encapsulation

In the previous sections, we saw that each object has a set of attributes and a set of functionalities attached to it. Here, we are going to talk about putting those attributes and functionalities into an entity called an object. We do this through a process called encapsulation.

Encapsulation simply means putting related things together into a capsule that represents an object. It happens first in your mind, and then it should be transferred to the code. The moment that you feel an object needs to have some attributes and functionalities, you are doing encapsulation in your mind; that encapsulation then needs to be transferred to the code level.

It is crucial to be able to encapsulate things in a programming language, otherwise keeping related variables together becomes an untenable struggle (we mentioned using naming conventions to accomplish this).

An object is made from a set of attributes and a set of functionalities. Both of these should be encapsulated...