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Home > Data > Database Programming > Mongoose for Application Development
Mongoose for Application Development
Mongoose for Application Development

Mongoose for Application Development: Mongoose streamlines application development on the Node.js stack and this book is the ideal guide to both the concepts and practical application. From connecting to a database to re-usable plugins, it's all here.

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Mongoose for Application Development

Chapter 2. Establishing a Database Connection

We are going to look at the two methods Mongoose uses to connect to databases, mongoose.connect and createConnection. We will also go through various configuration options.

By the end of this chapter, you will understand how to best use the different Mongoose connection methods to meet your needs. We will also have added a connection to the MongoosePM example project.

Mongoose default connection

The way to set the default connection to a MongoDB database via Mongoose is nice and easy, using the mongoose.connect method.

var dbURI = 'mongodb://localhost/mydatabase';
mongoose.connect(dbURI);

This will open a Mongoose connection to the Mongo database mydatabase, running on the server localhost. If established at the correct place in your code, this connection will now be available at any point in your app, if you require Mongoose.

Tip

Best practice

The best practice for a default Mongoose database connection is to open it when the application starts, and keep it open to be re-used. The connection should only need to be closed if your app is being shut down or restarted.

Using multiple connections

The default connection is great if your app only needs to connect to one database. But what happens if you need to connect to a second database at the same time? Or connect to the same database as a different user with different permissions.

For this we can use the mongoose...

About the connection string

The connection string—dbURI in our examples—can use any of the options from the MongoDB connection string. We're not going to cover them all here, but here are a couple of common options.

Setting the port

The default port is 27017. If you wanted to specify a different port, say 27018, you would do so using the following code snippet:

var dbURI = 'mongodb://localhost:27018/mydatabase';

Specifying a database user

If you want to access the database as a particular user, you can add the username and password in front of the hostname.

var dbURI = 'mongodb://username:password@localhost/mydatabase';

Connection options

Mongoose allows you to pass certain options through to both connection methods. If specified, these options will override those set in the connection string.

The options are sent as a JSON object as an optional second parameter to the connection call. For example:

var dbURI = 'mongodb://localhost/mydatabase';
var dbOptions = {'user':'db_username','pass':'db_password'};
mongoose.connect(dbURI, dbOptions);

The options you can use this way are:

  • user and pass: Username and password for the database, if required and not specified in the connection string.

  • db: This relates to the DB options available in the Node MongoDB Native driver.

  • server: This relates to the server options available in the Node MongoDB Native driver.

  • replset: This option allows you to specify a ReplicaSet. The details of ReplicaSet methods are beyond the scope of this book, but the principle is that you can have one primary database where all the writes are made to, and multiple secondary databases. If the...

Closing the connection

As we have already seen, the general best practice is to open your connection at application start up, and keep it open. However, there are times when you will want to close the connection. For example, if your application is shutting down, or restarting, the database connection needs to be manually closed, or if you are running a single-hit script rather than a persistent application.

Calling the close command

Each Mongoose connection has a close() method that takes an optional callback function.

If you are using the default connection you call it like the following code snippet does:

mongoose.connection.close(function () {
  console.log('Mongoose default connection closed');
});

Calling the close() method on a named connection is just as easy, using our example from earlier:

adminConnection.close(function () {
  console.log('Mongoose connection adminConnection closed');
});

Closing when the Node process ends

As a rule you should tidy up the connections when your Node application...

Connection events

The connection process in Mongoose inherits the Node EventEmitter class, meaning that we can set certain code to run following specific events. We can—and will—work with some of the connection events, such as connected, disconnected, and error.

The connection events are all used in the same way, sending a callback to the connection.on event listener. For example, if we wanted to log to the console when a connection error occurs we could do this in the following code:

mongoose.connection.on('error',function (err) {
  console.log('Mongoose connection error: ' + err);
});

Connecting our project

Now we know what we're doing, let's connect our project to a database using the default Mongoose connection.

Creating the connection

For the sake of well organized code, let's create a folder called model, and in that, an empty JavaScript file called db.js. We'll use this for managing the Mongoose connection, and will add to it in later chapters.

At this stage the file needs to do three things:

  1. Bring in the Mongoose module

  2. Build the connection string for the database

  3. Open the Mongoose connection to the database

So in your /model/db.js file, enter the following:

// Bring Mongoose into the project
var mongoose = require( 'mongoose' );

// Build the connection string
var dbURI = 'mongodb://localhost/MongoosePM';

// Create the database connection
mongoose.connect(dbURI);

Each of the three objectives is achieved with just one line of code—pretty simple don't you think!

Catching the events

Next up we want to set up our event handlers. At this stage, we are just going to log messages...

Summary

In this chapter, we have looked at the two methods of creating a Mongoose connection to a MongoDB database, and when you would use each method.

We have learned that the best practice is to create a connection when your application starts and keep it open to be re-used. Tied to this we have seen how and when to close the connection, and how to act upon events emitted by the connection process.

We have also taken a brief look at how to specify different options if you have a more complex database setup, or want to override some defaults.

You should now have connected your MongoosePM project to the MongoosePM database, even though the database doesn't exist yet!

In the next chapter, we're going to start getting stuck into the real meat of Mongoose, by defining schemas and models.

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Key benefits

  • Rapid application development with Mongoose on the Node.js stack
  • Use Mongoose to give structure and manageability to MongoDB data
  • Practical exampless on how to use Mongoose for CRUD operations
  • Provides a number of helpful tips and takes away the complexity of everyday MongoDB operations
  • Walks you through building a project management application using Mongoose, Node.js, MongoDB, and Express

Description

Mongoose is all about putting the data model where it should be: in your application. You can control everything from within your application in JavaScript, eliminating the need to work with the database or a separate management system. Mongoose for Application Development is a practical, hands-on guide that takes you from installing the technology stack through the steps of developing a web application. It covers the key features of Mongoose and how to use them to rapidly develop a Node.js and MongoDB application. This book introduces the full technology stack of Node.js, MongoDB, Express, and Mongoose. It will take you through the process of building an application on this stack with a focus on how Mongoose makes the process quicker and easier. You will see how Mongoose removes a layer of complexity when dealing with MongoDB whilst giving you more control over your data from your application. You will learn how to define schemas and models for your data in JavaScript. Using these schemas and models, you will learn how to build the cornerstone of any web application that will include CRUD operations (creating, reading, updating, and deleting data). If you want to learn how to build applications quickly and efficiently using Node.js, then Mongoose and this book are ideal for you. Using practical examples throughout, Mongoose for Application Development not only teaches you about the concepts of Mongoose, but walks through how to use them to build a real-life application.

Who is this book for?

This book is ideal for people who want to develop applications on the Node.js stack quickly and efficiently. Prior knowledge of the stack is not essential as the book briefly covers the installation of the core components and builds all aspects of the example application. The focus of the book is on what Mongoose adds to you applications, so experienced Node.js developers will also benefit.

What you will learn

  • Learn the different methods of using Mongoose to connect to a database
  • Learn to define schemas and building data models
  • Interact with data using schema methods
  • Create databases, collections, and data
  • Query the database to find specific data
  • Edit, save, and delete data
  • Validate data using Mongoose validators
  • Use population to link datasets
  • Use sub-documents and nested schemas to provide data depth
  • Get to grips with code efficiency through re-usable plugins

Product Details

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Publication date : Aug 26, 2013
Length: 142 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781782168201
Category :
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Languages :
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Concepts :
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Publication date : Aug 26, 2013
Length: 142 pages
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ISBN-13 : 9781782168201
Category :
Data
Languages :
JavaScript
Concepts :
Database Programming
Tools :
Mongoose

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Introducing Mongoose to the Technology Stack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introducing Mongoose to the Technology Stack
The technology stack – Node.js, npm, MongoDB, and Express
What Mongoose is all about
Installing the full stack
Summary
Establishing a Database Connection Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Establishing a Database Connection
Mongoose default connection
About the connection string
Connection options
Closing the connection
Connection events
Connecting our project
Summary
Schemas and Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Schemas and Models
Introducing schemas
Data types allowed in schemas
Where to write the schemas
Writing a schema
Building models
Setting the collection name
Our complete code
Summary
Interacting with Data – an Introduction Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data – an Introduction
Model methods and instance methods
Setting up the project
Summary
Interacting with Data – Creation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data – Creation
Creating an instance
Saving an instance
Creating and saving database entry in one step
CRUD – create data
Summary
Interacting with Data – Reading, Querying, and Finding Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data – Reading, Querying, and Finding
Approaches to find and read data
CRUD – reading user and project data
Summary
Interacting with Data – Updating Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data – Updating
Model helper methods
The three-step find-edit-save approach
CRUD – editing users and projects
Summary
Interacting with Data – Deleting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Data – Deleting
Deleting data
CRUD – deleting user and projects
Summary
Validating Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Validating Data
Mongoose validation – the basics
Understanding validation errors
Doing it your way – create custom validation
Adding validation to our project
Summary
Complex Schemas Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Complex Schemas
Population – references to other collections
Subdocuments
Data management when modifying existing schemas
Summary
Plugins – Re-using Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Plugins – Re-using Code
Reusable schema plugins
Sharing with the community
Summary

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Alex B Jul 14, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Amazing book. There are a lot of tips and tricks in there and if you use mongoose a lot you will actually find a lot of cool coding secrets and explanations to weird things that go on under the hood. Its a must read if you like Mongoose.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
CharlieBear Apr 30, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is an excellent book for anyone moving from C#/.NET or any other non-web based development platform. It is a great way to get a quick start if you want to jump onto the Javascript bandwagon and get ready for web apps that run and behave like Windows apps.The book covers everything you need to build a browser based application (or mobile apps too) with all code being Javascript. The examples are easy to follow and to the point, including the traditional CRUD application. Routes, Jade templates, JSON, AJAX, data validation and plugins are all also covered. It's just a good book to get started writing client and server side applications. Also covers a lot of the different methods for fetching and working with data. Mongoose has a "code first" database creation feature that is very cool.There is one problem due to changes made to Node.js launch for Express/Mongoose since the date of publication. I'd recommend skipping the getting started instructions in the book (chapter 1) and use this web site instead, especially if you are running with MS Windows:[...]I found the above URL after following the book's instructions, step-by-step (using Windows 7) and couldn't get Express to fire up. Other than that, I'd recommend using this book for anyone who wants to get started writing highly responsive web based/mobile applications.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Robby May 07, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book helped me a lot. It's small, to the point. The code works. It got me up to speed. Good job
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Konstantin Sep 26, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I bought this book from the publishers site to help me get up to speed with using Mongoose, Node.js, MongoDB, and Express. I must say i am very impressed with it. The book is very well written, and the examples work as expected. (unlike other programming books you buy). The sample project in the book comes in very handy and teaches you how to build a CRUD like application using these technology stack. Note that the major focus on this book is mongoose! Though you get to understand how the other stack work, they are not in-depth. Mongoose however is cover pretty deeply.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Eric Rabbath May 02, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is an excellent short book on using Mongoose to connect your MongoDB back-end database to your Node.js application. The explanations are very clear and to the point, and the examples given are always an excellent illustration of the point being discussed.The ongoing example is also well chosen, and well used to integrate the various concepts into a complete working application. It uses Express to build the application, and while the explanations in the book are very clear and complete, a basic understanding of the key concepts of the Express framework (routes, request, response objects) is useful to really understand what is going on.As mentioned by others, the installation instructions are a little out of date, but this can very easily be solved with a simple web search.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the author

Profile icon Simon Holmes
Simon Holmes
Simon Holmes started his journey as a web developer in the late 1990s. He built his first website for a project at university and soon saw what the industry had to offer when he promptly sold it! Following university, Simon worked his way through the ranks of design agency life, learning the skills of becoming a full-stack web developer. From server management and database design to building dynamic UIs from Photoshop files, it all fell under Simon's remit. Having witnessed first-hand the terrible JavaScript code so prevalent in the early 2000s, Simon is very much enjoying its resurgence as a powerful, structured language. Simon now works in SaaS, which is very heavy on the JavaScript.
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Our eBooks are currently available in a variety of formats such as PDF and ePubs. In the future, this may well change with trends and development in technology, but please note that our PDFs are not Adobe eBook Reader format, which has greater restrictions on security.

You will need to use Adobe Reader v9 or later in order to read Packt's PDF eBooks.

What are the benefits of eBooks? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
  • You can get the information you need immediately
  • You can easily take them with you on a laptop
  • You can download them an unlimited number of times
  • You can print them out
  • They are copy-paste enabled
  • They are searchable
  • There is no password protection
  • They are lower price than print
  • They save resources and space
What is an eBook? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Packt eBooks are a complete electronic version of the print edition, available in PDF and ePub formats. Every piece of content down to the page numbering is the same. Because we save the costs of printing and shipping the book to you, we are able to offer eBooks at a lower cost than print editions.

When you have purchased an eBook, simply login to your account and click on the link in Your Download Area. We recommend you saving the file to your hard drive before opening it.

For optimal viewing of our eBooks, we recommend you download and install the free Adobe Reader version 9.