There are preliminary theories that need to be understood before detailing WAN specifics. Two areas that are germane to communication is how bitrate affects transmission power, which in turn affects range. There are limits to the integrity of data and bitrates, as we will learn. Additionally, we need to classify narrowband versus wideband communication.
Information theory
Bitrate limits and the Shannon-Hartley theorem
In long-range communication and short-range communication, the goal is to maximize bitrate and distance within the constraints of spectrum and noise. The Shannon-Hartley theorem is composed of work from Claude Shannon of MIT in the 1940s (C. E. Shannon (1949/1998). The Mathematical Theory of Communication...