Cacheability metadata is used to describe the thing that is rendered with respect to its dynamism. Most of the time, as Drupal 8 module developers, we will be using this metadata when working with render arrays. We will see a bit later where else these come into play, but for now, let's see what the actual properties are and what they are used for in the context of render arrays.
When creating render arrays, there are a few things we need to think about when it comes to caching. And we always need to think about these things.
