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OpenStack Orchestration
OpenStack Orchestration

OpenStack Orchestration:

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OpenStack Orchestration

Chapter 2. The OpenStack Architecture

In the previous chapter, we introduced OpenStack and described an overview of OpenStack components. We will focus on the detailed architecture of OpenStack and its Heat component in this chapter. The learning objectives of this chapter are:

  • The OpenStack architecture
  • Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications(TOSCA): Heat ideas and standards
  • The logical architecture
  • The example architecture
  • The basic architecture with OpenStack networking

Components of OpenStack

OpenStack is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) platform that is composed of several individual components or projects. These individual components communicate with each other using an application programming interface(API). This makes it possible to install these components on either a single machine or several machines connected to each other on IP layer.

These individual components have already been briefly discussed in Chapter 1, Getting Started with the Orchestration Service for OpenStack; therefore, we will not repeat them again in this chapter. However, we will explain how these components can be integrated with each other using OpenStack API and IP connectivity.

The following diagram shows the main components of OpenStack installed on the three nodes:

Components of OpenStack

OpenStack node types

In the following table, we will describe the node types that constitute an OpenStack cloud:

Type

Description

Controller

The OpenStack controller node is used to perform the control operations in an OpenStack cloud environment. The main components running on a compute node are:

Identity service (Keystone)

Image service (Glance)

Management functions of compute (Nova)

Networking (Neutron)

Dashboard (Horizon)

It may also include the following optional OpenStack components:

Block storage

Object storage

Orchestration

Telemetry

Besides the preceding core required and optional packages, it also includes some helper packages or applications including:

Database (MySQL or other)

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Compute

This is the node which runs the virtual machines in a hypervisor portion. OpenStack uses the KVM hypervisor by default. Besides the hypervisor portion, the compute node also runs the agents for networking services that provide connectivity to internal and external...

The OpenStack logical architecture

The following diagram shows a logical architecture of the OpenStack cloud environment. Different OpenStack components are displayed in the diagram according to their functionality and the service being provided by each service.

The OpenStack logical architecture

TOSCA – Heat ideas and standards

Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) has emerged as a standard orchestration and deployment framework for cloud systems. This standard has been adopted by OpenStack for their orchestration project named Heat. Heat fully supports TOSCA and offers features for materializing the design topology and dynamically scales resources according to the requirements of the applications.

Heat supports text files called templates for describing cloud infrastructure or the applications composing the cloud. The cloud infrastructure or bundle of components composing the cloud is called stack in the Heat terminology. The template format supported by Heat is the same as the AWS CloudFormation template. Heat supports the OpenStack native REST API (HOT) as well as the CloudFormation compatible query API.

TOSCA – Heat ideas and standards

The high-level overview of Heat

Using Heat templates, resource types can be defined, which include instances, floating IPs, volumes...

Heat components

The following are the main components for the Heat orchestration framework:

  • The Heat CLI
  • heat-api
  • heat-api-cfn
  • heat-engine
  • Heat Orchestration Template (HOT)

The Heat CLI

The Heat CLI is the command-line tool for Heat. It interacts with heat-api to run AWS CloudFormation commands; or otherwise, it can directly run REST API commands for Heat.

heat-api

The heat-api component offers a REST API, which is OpenStack native. To process the user requests, this API forwards those requests to the Heat engine using the RPC.

heat-api-cfn

The heat-api-cfn module offers another API that is compatible with AWS CloudFormation. It also processes queries after forwarding them to heat-engine over RPC.

heat-engine

The heat-engine is the core component of the Orchestration service for OpenStack. It is responsible for launching new services and instances according to the given templates.

Heat Orchestration Template (HOT) specification

Heat Orchestration Template (HOT) is a new template format developed as an...

Components of OpenStack


OpenStack is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) platform that is composed of several individual components or projects. These individual components communicate with each other using an application programming interface(API). This makes it possible to install these components on either a single machine or several machines connected to each other on IP layer.

These individual components have already been briefly discussed in Chapter 1, Getting Started with the Orchestration Service for OpenStack; therefore, we will not repeat them again in this chapter. However, we will explain how these components can be integrated with each other using OpenStack API and IP connectivity.

The following diagram shows the main components of OpenStack installed on the three nodes:

OpenStack node types


In the following table, we will describe the node types that constitute an OpenStack cloud:

Type

Description

Controller

The OpenStack controller node is used to perform the control operations in an OpenStack cloud environment. The main components running on a compute node are:

Identity service (Keystone)

Image service (Glance)

Management functions of compute (Nova)

Networking (Neutron)

Dashboard (Horizon)

It may also include the following optional OpenStack components:

Block storage

Object storage

Orchestration

Telemetry

Besides the preceding core required and optional packages, it also includes some helper packages or applications including:

Database (MySQL or other)

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Compute

This is the node which runs the virtual machines in a hypervisor portion. OpenStack uses the KVM hypervisor by default. Besides the hypervisor portion, the compute node also runs the agents for networking services that provide connectivity to internal and external...

The OpenStack logical architecture


The following diagram shows a logical architecture of the OpenStack cloud environment. Different OpenStack components are displayed in the diagram according to their functionality and the service being provided by each service.

TOSCA – Heat ideas and standards


Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) has emerged as a standard orchestration and deployment framework for cloud systems. This standard has been adopted by OpenStack for their orchestration project named Heat. Heat fully supports TOSCA and offers features for materializing the design topology and dynamically scales resources according to the requirements of the applications.

Heat supports text files called templates for describing cloud infrastructure or the applications composing the cloud. The cloud infrastructure or bundle of components composing the cloud is called stack in the Heat terminology. The template format supported by Heat is the same as the AWS CloudFormation template. Heat supports the OpenStack native REST API (HOT) as well as the CloudFormation compatible query API.

The high-level overview of Heat

Using Heat templates, resource types can be defined, which include instances, floating IPs, volumes, security...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon

Key benefits

  • Set up, manage, and troubleshoot Heat and effectively automate your datacenter and cloud-based services
  • Achieve high availability, minimize down-time, and automate the deployment of cloud-based services and resources with minimum effort
  • Upgrade your skills and manipulate resources on virtual machines in an unattended fashion using Heat

Description

This book is focused on setting up and using one of the most important services in OpenStack orchestration, Heat. First, the book introduces you to the orchestration service for OpenStack to help you understand the uses of the templating mechanism, complex control groups of cloud resources, and huge-potential and multiple-use cases. We then move on to the topology and orchestration specification for cloud applications and standards, before introducing the most popular IaaS cloud framework, Heat. You will get to grips with the standards used in Heat, overview and roadmap, architecture and CLI, heat API, heat engine, CloudWatch API, scaling principles, JeOS and installation and configuration of Heat. We wrap up by giving you some insights into troubleshooting for OpenStack. With easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions and supporting images, you will be able to manage OpenStack operations by implementing the orchestration services of Heat.

Who is this book for?

If you are a System Engineer, System Administrator, Cloud Administrator, or a Cloud Engineer, then this book is for you. You should have a background of working in a Linux-based setup. Any knowledge of OpenStack-based cloud infrastructure will help you create wonders using this book.

What you will learn

  • Install an orchestration service for a private cloud environment
  • Tackle errors that show up during the installation and configuration of heat
  • Configure a template for orchestration using the native HOT format
  • Configure a template for orchestration using the AWS cloud formation format
  • Deploy a stack using the HOT template
  • Deploy a test stack using the AWS CloudFormation template
  • Automate and orchestrate cloud-based services with OpenStack Heat
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Publication date : Oct 27, 2015
Length: 150 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783551651
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Publication date : Oct 27, 2015
Length: 150 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783551651
Vendor :
OpenStack
Tools :

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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Getting Started with the Orchestration Service for OpenStack Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. The OpenStack Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Stack Group of Connected Cloud Resources Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Installation and Configuration of the Orchestration Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Working with Heat Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Managing Heat Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Troubleshooting Heat Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
(3 Ratings)
5 star 33.3%
4 star 0%
3 star 33.3%
2 star 0%
1 star 33.3%
Hamza Siddiqui Sep 03, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book, learned a lot
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sri Thuraisamy Nov 29, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
This book is recommended for anyone interested to integrate with Heat module. The book also cover the opens tack single/multi node architecture. It would have been better if the book covered more examples on catalogue formation.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Krishna Sumanth Boinepally Nov 10, 2016
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I'd prefer openstack documentation over this book. it just defines basic stuff. It's a waste of money.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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