You're reading from Machine Learning with PyTorch and Scikit-Learn Develop machine learning and deep learning models with Python

Product type Paperback

Published in Feb 2022

Publisher Packt

ISBN-13 9781801819312

Length 774 pages

Edition 1st Edition

Languages

Python

Tools

PyTorch

Concepts

Deep Learning

Authors (3):

Sebastian Raschka

Yuxi (Hayden) Liu

Vahid Mirjalili

View More author details

Table of Contents (22) Chapters

Preface

1. Giving Computers the Ability to Learn from Data FREE CHAPTER

2. Training Simple Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification

3. A Tour of Machine Learning Classifiers Using Scikit-Learn

4. Building Good Training Datasets – Data Preprocessing

5. Compressing Data via Dimensionality Reduction

6. Learning Best Practices for Model Evaluation and Hyperparameter Tuning

7. Combining Different Models for Ensemble Learning

8. Applying Machine Learning to Sentiment Analysis

9. Predicting Continuous Target Variables with Regression Analysis

10. Working with Unlabeled Data – Clustering Analysis

11. Implementing a Multilayer Artificial Neural Network from Scratch

12. Parallelizing Neural Network Training with PyTorch

13. Going Deeper – The Mechanics of PyTorch

14. Classifying Images with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

15. Modeling Sequential Data Using Recurrent Neural Networks

16. Transformers – Improving Natural Language Processing with Attention Mechanisms

17. Generative Adversarial Networks for Synthesizing New Data

18. Graph Neural Networks for Capturing Dependencies in Graph Structured Data

19. Reinforcement Learning for Decision Making in Complex Environments

20. Other Books You May Enjoy

21. Index

Selecting meaningful features

If we notice that a model performs much better on a training dataset than on the test dataset, this observation is a strong indicator of overfitting. As we discussed in Chapter 3, A Tour of Machine Learning Classifiers Using Scikit-Learn, overfitting means the model fits the parameters too closely with regard to the particular observations in the training dataset but does not generalize well to new data; we say that the model has a high variance. The reason for the overfitting is that our model is too complex for the given training data. Common solutions to reduce the generalization error are as follows:

Collect more training data
Introduce a penalty for complexity via regularization
Choose a simpler model with fewer parameters
Reduce the dimensionality of the data

Collecting more training data is often not applicable. In Chapter 6, Learning Best Practices for Model Evaluation and Hyperparameter Tuning, we will learn...