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Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python
Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python

Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python: Build highly optimized ensemble machine learning models using scikit-learn and Keras

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Hands-On Ensemble Learning with Python

A Machine Learning Refresher

Machine learning is a sub field of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on the aim of developing algorithms and techniques that enable computers to learn from massive amounts of data. Given the increasing rate at which data is produced, machine learning has played a critical role in solving difficult problems in recent years. This success was the main driving force behind the funding and development of many great machine learning libraries that make use of data in order to build predictive models. Furthermore, businesses have started to realize the potential of machine learning, driving the demand for data scientists and machine learning engineers to new heights, in order to design better-performing predictive models.

This chapter serves as a refresher on the main concepts and terminology, as well as an introduction to the frameworks that will be used...

Technical requirements

You will require basic knowledge of machine learning techniques and algorithms. Furthermore, a knowledge of python conventions and syntax is required. Finally, familiarity with the NumPy library will greatly help the reader to understand some custom algorithm implementations.

The code files of this chapter can be found on GitHub:

https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Hands-On-Ensemble-Learning-with-Python/tree/master/Chapter01

Check out the following video to see the Code in Action: http://bit.ly/30u8sv8.

Learning from data

Data is the raw ingredient of machine learning. Processing data can produce information; for example, measuring the height of a portion of a school's students (data) and calculating their average (processing) can give us an idea of the whole school's height (information). If we process the data further, for example, by grouping males and females and calculating two averages – one for each group, we will gain more information, as we will have an idea about the average height of the school's males and females. Machine learning strives to produce the most information possible from any given data. In this example, we produced a very basic predictive model. By calculating the two averages, we can predict the average height of any student just by knowing whether the student is male or female.

The set of data that a machine learning algorithm...

Supervised and unsupervised learning

Machine learning can be divided into many subcategories; two broad categories are supervised and unsupervised learning. These categories contain some of the most popular and widely used machine learning methods. In this section, we present them, as well as some toy example uses of supervised and unsupervised learning.

Supervised learning

In examples such as those in the previous section, the data consisted of some features and a target; no matter whether the target was quantitative (regression) or categorical (classification). Under these circumstances, we call the dataset a labeled dataset. When we try to produce a model from a labeled dataset in order to make predictions about unseen...

Performance measures

Machine learning is a highly quantitative field. Although we can gauge the performance of a model by plotting how it separates classes and how closely it follows data, more quantitative performance measures are needed in order to evaluate models. In this section, we present cost functions and metrics. Both of them are used in order to assess a model's performance.

Cost functions

A machine learning model's objective is to model our dataset. In order to assess each model's performance, we define an objective function. These functions usually express a cost, or how far from perfect a model is. These cost functions usually utilize a loss function to assess how well the model performed on each...

Technical requirements

You will require basic knowledge of machine learning techniques and algorithms. Furthermore, a knowledge of python conventions and syntax is required. Finally, familiarity with the NumPy library will greatly help the reader to understand some custom algorithm implementations.

The code files of this chapter can be found on GitHub:

https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Hands-On-Ensemble-Learning-with-Python/tree/master/Chapter02

Check out the following video to see the Code in Action: http://bit.ly/2JKkWYS.

Bias, variance, and the trade-off

Machine learning models are not perfect; they are prone to a number of errors. The two most common sources of errors are bias and variance. Although two distinct problems, they are interconnected and relate to a model's available degree of freedom or complexity.

What is bias?

Bias refers to the inability of a method to correctly estimate the target. This does not only apply to machine learning. For example, in statistics, if we want to measure a population's average and do not sample carefully, the estimated average will be biased. In simple terms, the method's (sampling) estimation will not closely match the actual target (average).

In machine learning, bias refers to the difference...

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Key benefits

  • Implement ensemble models using algorithms such as random forests and AdaBoost
  • Apply boosting, bagging, and stacking ensemble methods to improve the prediction accuracy of your model
  • Explore real-world data sets and practical examples coded in scikit-learn and Keras

Description

Ensembling is a technique of combining two or more similar or dissimilar machine learning algorithms to create a model that delivers superior predictive power. This book will demonstrate how you can use a variety of weak algorithms to make a strong predictive model. With its hands-on approach, you'll not only get up to speed with the basic theory but also the application of different ensemble learning techniques. Using examples and real-world datasets, you'll be able to produce better machine learning models to solve supervised learning problems such as classification and regression. In addition to this, you'll go on to leverage ensemble learning techniques such as clustering to produce unsupervised machine learning models. As you progress, the chapters will cover different machine learning algorithms that are widely used in the practical world to make predictions and classifications. You'll even get to grips with the use of Python libraries such as scikit-learn and Keras for implementing different ensemble models. By the end of this book, you will be well-versed in ensemble learning, and have the skills you need to understand which ensemble method is required for which problem, and successfully implement them in real-world scenarios.

Who is this book for?

This book is for data analysts, data scientists, machine learning engineers and other professionals who are looking to generate advanced models using ensemble techniques. An understanding of Python code and basic knowledge of statistics is required to make the most out of this book.

What you will learn

  • Implement ensemble methods to generate models with high accuracy
  • Overcome challenges such as bias and variance
  • Explore machine learning algorithms to evaluate model performance
  • Understand how to construct, evaluate, and apply ensemble models
  • Analyze tweets in real time using Twitter s streaming API
  • Use Keras to build an ensemble of neural networks for the MovieLens dataset
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Table of Contents

19 Chapters
Section 1: Introduction and Required Software Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A Machine Learning Refresher Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Started with Ensemble Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Non-Generative Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Voting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Stacking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Generative Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bagging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Boosting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Random Forests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 4: Clustering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Clustering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 5: Real World Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Classifying Fraudulent Transactions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Predicting Bitcoin Prices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Evaluating Sentiment on Twitter Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Recommending Movies with Keras Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Clustering World Happiness Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Another Book You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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