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Crystal Programming

You're reading from   Crystal Programming A project-based introduction to building efficient, safe, and readable web and CLI applications

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Product type Paperback
Published in May 2022
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781801818674
Length 356 pages
Edition 1st Edition
Languages
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Authors (2):
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George Dietrich George Dietrich
Author Profile Icon George Dietrich
George Dietrich
Guilherme Bernal Guilherme Bernal
Author Profile Icon Guilherme Bernal
Guilherme Bernal
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Toc

Table of Contents (26) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Part 1: Getting Started
2. Chapter 1: An Introduction to Crystal FREE CHAPTER 3. Chapter 2: Basic Semantics and Features of Crystal 4. Chapter 3: Object-Oriented Programming 5. Part 2: Learning by Doing – CLI
6. Chapter 4: Exploring Crystal via Writing a Command-Line Interface 7. Chapter 5: Input/Output Operations 8. Chapter 6: Concurrency 9. Chapter 7: C Interoperability 10. Part 3: Learn by Doing – Web Application
11. Chapter 8: Using External Libraries 12. Chapter 9: Creating a Web Application with Athena 13. Part 4: Metaprogramming
14. Chapter 10: Working with Macros 15. Chapter 11: Introducing Annotations 16. Chapter 12: Leveraging Compile-Time Type Introspection 17. Chapter 13: Advanced Macro Usages 18. Part 5: Supporting Tools
19. Chapter 14: Testing 20. Chapter 15: Documenting Code 21. Chapter 16: Deploying Code 22. Chapter 17: Automation 23. Other Books You May Enjoy Appendix A: Tooling Setup 1. Appendix B: The Future of Crystal

Reading annotations

In Crystal, you normally invoke a method on an object in order to access some data stored within. Annotations are no different. The Annotation type exposes three methods that can be used to access the data defined on the annotation in different ways. However, before you can access the data on the annotation, you need to get a reference to an Annotation instance. This can be accomplished by passing the Annotation type to the #annotation method defined on the types that support annotations, including TypeNode, Def, and MetaVar. For example, we can use this method to print the annotation applied to a specific class or method, if present:

annotation MyAnnotation; end
@[MyAnnotation]
class MyClass
  def foo
    {{pp @type.annotation MyAnnotation}}
    {{pp @def.annotation MyAnnotation}}
  end
end
MyClass.new.foo

The #annotation method will return NilLiteral if no annotation of the provided type is applied...

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