Project 5 – distance measurement

This project prominently features the HC-SR04 sensor, a commonly used ultrasonic sensor in a multitude of Arduino projects, especially those involving the measurement of distance. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor operates on a basic yet effective principle. It emits an ultrasonic wave, a type of sound wave, at a frequency of 40 kHz. This wave travels seamlessly through the air, functioning as the sensor’s probing mechanism. If there happens to be an object or an obstacle in the path of this emitted wave, the sound wave is reflected back, effectively bouncing back to the sensor. This phenomenon is akin to the echo one might hear in a large, empty room or a mountain valley. By measuring the time interval between the emission of the sound wave and the reception of the echo, the sensor can accurately calculate the distance to the object or obstacle. This precise and reliable functionality has made the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor a popular choice...