Using k-fold cross-validation to assess model performance

One of the key steps in building a machine learning model is to estimate its performance on data that the model hasn't seen before. Let's assume that we fit our model on a training dataset and use the same data to estimate how well it performs on new data. We remember from the Tackling overfitting via regularization section in Chapter 3, A Tour of Machine Learning Classifiers Using scikit-learn, that a model can either suffer from underfitting (high bias) if the model is too simple, or it can overfit the training data (high variance) if the model is too complex for the underlying training data.

To find an acceptable bias-variance trade-off, we need to evaluate our model carefully. In this section, you will learn about the common cross-validation techniques holdout cross-validation and k-fold cross-validation, which can help us obtain reliable estimates of the model's generalization performance, that is, how well the model performs...