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Java 9 High Performance
Java 9 High Performance

Java 9 High Performance: Practical techniques and best practices for optimizing Java applications through concurrency, reactive programming, and more

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Java 9 High Performance

Identifying Performance Bottlenecks

Before diving deep into understanding code-related performance problems, it is important to understand the platform on which the code is going to run. This not only includes the JVM, but also the underline operating system, hardware infrastructure, and network infrastructure. You may be wondering, why should I care about that? Isn’t just focusing on the application code enough to make sure my application runs smoothly?

Unfortunately, the answer is no. No, it's not enough just to focus on improving your code. The reason is very simple--your code depends on the resources provided by JVM, operating system, and network infrastructure. When you write the REST client, you are relying on the underline network infrastructure to deliver the data. When you write the multithreaded code, you are relying on JVM and underlying operating system...

CPU infrastructure

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an integral part of the computer system. The core responsibility of a CPU is to handle all the instructions from hardware as well as software. It is beyond the scope of this book to explore the CPU in detail; however, we will study the basic architecture and underline functioning of a CPU in very high level. This will help us to understand the areas where we need to focus on utilizing a CPU optimally. Not every part of your code will be CPU-dependent, so it is important to find these areas and use a proper coding strategy to make sure we use CPU time more efficiently.

Let's first look at the high-level architecture of CPU. If you dissect the processing of a CPU, you will notice there are two main components, one is Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which is responsible for performing logical, mathematical, and comparison operations...

Memory utilization

In this section, we will explore another area which is susceptible to performance problems. More or less, each line of code is dependent on some data in the form of object, variable, and so on. Hence, JVM needs to have some type of provision to store this information so that it will be available to your code. This storage is mainly provided by the underline Operating System (OS), which is based on physical memory such as Random Access Memory (RAM) and JVM is allocated to use a portion of it. This memory space is then available to your application running inside the JVM.

There are mainly two areas which you need to focus on:

  • Heap
  • Stack

Don’t worry, we will take a closer look at these two areas, but before we jump into that, let's quickly review CPU memory that we briefly talked about in the previous section. Every time CPU executes the given instructions...

Database operations

So far we have seen various code-level optimizations related to CPU and memory that we can perform to improve an application’s performance. However, the overall performance of the application is dependent on various factors such as database, IO, and network.

In the SaaS world, almost every application out there is database dependent. This means, we need to focus on various aspects related to database optimization. Several performance issues are the result of poor architectural decisions, the wrong use of design patterns, improper database configurations, and sometimes incorrect database type selection. In this section, we will focus on identifying various database-related bottlenecks and briefly discuss the areas of improvements. Database optimization itself is a vast topic and out of the scope of this section. In order to optimize the database you need...

I/O operations

This is another area that is important from the performance optimization point of view. If you need to read or write files to your server, you need to rely on Java’s I/O APIs. The I/O operations are resource intensive and may consume a large amount of processing time. This can turn into a big performance bottleneck, and hence, it is important to tune this area to improve the overall application performance.

Most Java developers still rely on the basic I/O APIs, which are more than adequate to perform any file related operations. However, they do have some performance issues, for example, InputStream.read() performs character-by-character reading or the method Reader.read() reads one character at a time. Then there are stream-related APIs. Most of them read or write one byte at a time, which contributes to performance problems as it takes a long time to go...

Network operations

As the world is progressing toward the SaaS application's paradigm, it is imperative to pay close attention to network utilization of your program. In this typical client-server architecture, in many cases, every event is processed on the server side and the data constantly flows over the wire, across the oceans, miles away from its origin. On top of this, the world is becoming impatient regarding speed and performance. With the advent of social media and the love of video and photo sharing, data usage has sky rocketed and is using up almost all the bandwidth a user can get. Hence, it is extremely important to use network resources as efficiently as possible.

In order to squeeze every possible performance gain from the available network resources, we need to implement various strategies and design patterns. This section will highlight some of the new additions...

Summary

In this chapter, we learned about various bottlenecks which can cause performance issues. In particular, you need to focus on various areas such as CPU infrastructure, I/O operations, database operations, network utilization, and memory utilization. It is important to understand the type of operation your algorithm is performing. Based on that you need to optimize your code, so it wont take much of the resources.

In the next chapter, we will learn about the various troubleshooting and error handling techniques, logging, and then about thread dump and how to analyze it.

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Key benefits

  • Tackle all kinds of performance-related issues and streamline your development
  • Master the new features and new APIs of Java 9 to implement highly efficient and reliable codes
  • Gain an in-depth knowledge of Java application performance and obtain best results from performance testing

Description

Finally, a book that focuses on the practicalities rather than theory of Java application performance tuning. This book will be your one-stop guide to optimize the performance of your Java applications. We will begin by understanding the new features and APIs of Java 9. You will then be taught the practicalities of Java application performance tuning, how to make the best use of garbage collector, and find out how to optimize code with microbenchmarking. Moving ahead, you will be introduced to multithreading and learning about concurrent programming with Java 9 to build highly concurrent and efficient applications. You will learn how to fine tune your Java code for best results. You will discover techniques on how to benchmark performance and reduce various bottlenecks in your applications. We'll also cover best practices of Java programming that will help you improve the quality of your codebase. By the end of the book, you will be armed with the knowledge to build and deploy efficient, scalable, and concurrent applications in Java.

Who is this book for?

This book is for Java developers who would like to build reliable and high-performance applications. Prior Java programming knowledge is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Work with JIT compilers
  • Understand the usage of profiling tools
  • Generate JSON with code examples
  • Leverage the command-line tools to speed up application development
  • Build microservices in Java 9
  • Explore the use of APIs to improve application code
  • Speed up your application with reactive programming and concurrency
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Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Nov 01, 2017
Length: 398 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787120785
Vendor :
Oracle
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Languages :

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Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Netherlands

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Product Details

Publication date : Nov 01, 2017
Length: 398 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781787120785
Vendor :
Oracle
Category :
Languages :

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Frequently bought together


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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Learning Java 9 Underlying Performance Improvements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Identifying Performance Bottlenecks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Learning How to Troubleshoot Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Learning How to Use Profiling Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Garbage Collection and Making Use of It Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Optimizing Code with Microbenchmarking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Speeding Up JSON Generation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Tools for Higher Productivity and Faster Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Multithreading and Reactive Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Microservices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Making Use of New APIs to Improve Your Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
(2 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 50%
Kaush Nov 21, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I got the Java 9 Cookbook from one of the co-authors and chanced upon this one. This is a very interesting for anyone getting their hands dirty on performance tuning stuff as well as seeking ways to improve their code. Unlike other Java performance books I have read in the past, this one is very simple to follow with examples et al. It is especially good for beginners/intermediate levels and seamlessly eases you into the tool and techniques of the trade. The best part is not just the focus on Java 9. Rather its a best practices book for writing high performant modern cloud-based microservices java apps.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Feb 23, 2020
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Book was poorly written and had very less technical content.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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