Further reading
If you found the discussion of terminals versus shells interesting, you may also enjoy reading about ConPTY—the new modern console infrastructure that enabled Windows Terminal to be possible in the first place! Rich Turner, when he was the Senior Program Manager of Windows Console and Command Line, wrote an excellent blog post series titled Windows Command-Line that walks through the nitty-gritty details: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/windows-command-line-backgrounder/.
If you're interested in learning more about the modern technology powering the new Windows Terminal, check out Building Windows Terminal with WinUI by Kayla Cinnamon, the Program Manager of Windows Terminal, Console, Command Line, and Cascadia Code: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/building-windows-terminal-with-winui/.