Getting started with the phase estimation algorithm
The concept of the QFT that we have learned about in the previous sections will now help us to understand the quantum phase estimation algorithm, which utilizes the QFT as a subroutine block. The quantum phase estimation algorithm is an important algorithm as it is used in several other quantum algorithms, such as Shor's factorization algorithm and in the quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations.
Quantum phase estimation is used to estimate the phase (or eigenvalue) of an eigenvector of a unitary operator. This unitary operator can be any quantum transformation or any quantum gate as well. In a more mathematical sense, if we have the quantum state as the eigenvector of a unitary operator U with an eigenvalue of , then the phase estimation is used to estimate the value of with a high probability. The eigenvalue equation holds true for the phase estimation technique.
If we increase the number of qubits, then it...