Hash functions and message digests
Message authentication is used for the following purposes:
- Protecting message integrity: To verify that a message that is sent is not changed during transmission.
- Verifying message authenticity: To validate the identity of the message originator; that is, to verify who we get the message from.
- Non-repudiation of its origin: To assure the sender that the message was delivered, and to assure the recipient that it is from the sender. This ensures that neither of them can deny that the message was processed.
A hash function is a mathematical function that accepts a variable-length block of data as input and produces a fixed-size hash value as output. The hash function's calculation result is called a message authentication code (MAC).
Hash functions are used to check data integrity. Some applications of hashes are as follows:
- In security: To check if the messages or files that have arrived are the same ones that...