You're reading from Modern Time Series Forecasting with Python Explore industry-ready time series forecasting using modern machine learning and deep learning

Product type Paperback

Published in Nov 2022

Publisher Packt

ISBN-13 9781803246802

Length 552 pages

Edition 1st Edition

Languages

Python

Tools

Time Series Forecasting

Concepts

Data Science

Author (1):

Manu Joseph

View More author details

Table of Contents (26) Chapters

Preface

1. Part 1 – Getting Familiar with Time Series

2. Chapter 1: Introducing Time Series FREE CHAPTER

3. Chapter 2: Acquiring and Processing Time Series Data

4. Chapter 3: Analyzing and Visualizing Time Series Data

5. Chapter 4: Setting a Strong Baseline Forecast

6. Part 2 – Machine Learning for Time Series

7. Chapter 5: Time Series Forecasting as Regression

8. Chapter 6: Feature Engineering for Time Series Forecasting

9. Chapter 7: Target Transformations for Time Series Forecasting

10. Chapter 8: Forecasting Time Series with Machine Learning Models

11. Chapter 9: Ensembling and Stacking

12. Chapter 10: Global Forecasting Models

13. Part 3 – Deep Learning for Time Series

14. Chapter 11: Introduction to Deep Learning

15. Chapter 12: Building Blocks of Deep Learning for Time Series

16. Chapter 13: Common Modeling Patterns for Time Series

17. Chapter 14: Attention and Transformers for Time Series

18. Chapter 15: Strategies for Global Deep Learning Forecasting Models

19. Chapter 16: Specialized Deep Learning Architectures for Forecasting

20. Part 4 – Mechanics of Forecasting

21. Chapter 17: Multi-Step Forecasting

22. Chapter 18: Evaluating Forecasts – Forecast Metrics

23. Chapter 19: Evaluating Forecasts – Validation Strategies

24. Index

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Investigating the error measures

It’s not enough to know the different metrics since we also need to understand how these work, what are they good for, and what are they not good for. We can start with the basic errors and work our way up because understanding the properties of basic errors such as absolute error, squared error, percent error, and symmetric error will help us understand the others as well because most of the other metrics are derivatives of these primary errors; either aggregating them or using relative benchmarks.

Let’s do this investigation using a few experiments and understand them through the results.

Notebook alert

The notebook for running these experiments on your own is 01-Loss Curves and Symmetry.ipynb in the Chapter18 folder.

Loss curves and complementarity

All these base errors depend on two factors – forecasts and actual observations. We can examine the behavior of these several metrics if we fix one and alter the other...