Events are the actions users take while interacting with plots, such as mouse actions, keyboard clicks, or just entering and exiting figures and axes on the visualization. Callbacks are the responses to events as they get triggered. Exceptions raised while the program is running are also events; however, most of them don't involve user intervention, except KeyboardInterrupt.
While we try to cover as many events as possible here, for a complete list of supported events, please refer to the Matplotlib documentation at https://matplotlib.org/users/event_handling.html.