AD FS components
Before we install the AD FS role, there are a few related components that we need to be aware of. Before Windows Server 2012 R2, there were four AD FS role services: the federation service, the federation service proxy, the claim-aware agent, and the Windows token-based agent (which supported AD FS 1.x interoperability). These are no longer available as role services, and when we go to install AD FS, it will only have the federation service role.
Federation service
This is the main role service for AD FS, and it can work at the IdP end as well as the SP end. In order to install the AD FS role service, the system needs to be a member server of an Active Directory domain. Depending on the workload, multiple federation servers can be installed under the same domain, and this is called an AD FS farm. The federation server is responsible for generating security tokens and signing them with its signing certificate. Let's look into the AD FS versions that have...