Thousands of security bodies and security researchers work round the clock to innovate and develop an effective solution to address emerging threats. Organizations spend millions of dollars every year to enhance their security posture and tools. They keep researching zero-day vulnerabilities, building artificial neural networks (ANNs) for endpoint protection, making machine learning models for new threats, building an effective cybersecurity incident response process and awareness program, and so on.

There are four main categories of cyberattack prevention strategies:

• Reduce the attack surface: Most organizations have a regular process to conduct vulnerability scanning both externally and internally for unwanted application ports, file extension information, and platform information. This continuous process of security threat evaluation...

A widely accepted approach that was initially coined by Forrester is the data-centric approach, which is used by implementing always verify for all data and assets. This was designed to overcome the flat network problem, which helps threat actors move undetected through lateral movements and exfiltrate sensitive and confidential information. This approach also empowers the security pros so that they can regain control of their network and application. Here is how we get started with the zero-trust approach:

1. Identify and classify sensitive data: In order to protect your data, it's critical to see it. If you are not aware of your sensitive data, the situation may get worse in the post-infection period. Once sensitive data is identified, it's necessary to classify it.
2. Map the data flow: It is important to get a high level of understanding...

Even with growing cyberattack prevention systems, including antivirus, next-generation antivirus, firewall, and next-generation firewall, advanced threats still manage to bypass the security system. None of the security prevention technologies can guarantee complete protection against such threats. In the past few years, organizations have adopted a new approach called assume breach, which is a way of testing their incident response force.

The assume breach mindset allows organizations to be open to various security solutions and services, as follows:

• Red-team exercise: Red-team exercise is the enhanced version of penetration testing where the exercise is performed by a team of highly professional security experts, not just to find vulnerabilities, but to also test the detection and incident response capabilities of the organization. This helps...

We had a leaky boat structure, and, in spite of fixing it, we are simply making this faster and smarter boat load more and more unnecessary resources. It's time to try changing the entire boat structure and see how well we can thrive.

The entirety of cybersecurity is for protecting a computer network that runs on the TCP/IP model and uses the client-server database architecture. The authority to modify data remains with the centralized server, which authenticates each client before allowing them to access the database. As there is only one server authority for regulation and maintenance, if that is compromised, all the data can be altered, exfiltrated, or even deleted. The majority of data-breach incidents are basically an effect and risk of having a centralized server database on the cloud. As we go on to the next chapter, you will learn...

In this chapter, you learned about how security experts are exploring innovation in the world of cybersecurity. You also learned about some of the most effective and widely used security approaches and mindsets. At the end, we got to glance at the security challenges at the foundation layer that are rarely addressed. In the next chapter, you will learn about blockchain, building blocks, working, and its role in industrial technology. 

The evolution of a security system is a never-ending process, and it will always open a scope for improvement and integration:

1. What are the challenges in adopting the zero-trust approach
2. What are the challenges in adopting the breach-assume approach?
3. Why haven't centralized database risks been covered so far?

Consider the following links for further reading:

• Understanding the zero-trust approach at https://www.forrester.com/search?N=21061+10001&sort=3&everything=true&source=browse
• TCP/IP and blockchain at https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain