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Getting Started with Electronic Projects
Getting Started with Electronic Projects

Getting Started with Electronic Projects: Build thrilling and intricate electronic projects using LM555, ZigBee, and BeagleBone

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Getting Started with Electronic Projects

Chapter 2. Infrared Beacon

In this chapter, we will be building a flashing beacon. It's not just any old flashing light, though. This one will be invisible, unless you are wearing night vision goggles or viewing a black-and-white video camera.

What is a 555 timer and how does it work?

The integrated circuit that we will be using in this chapter has been around since the 1970s and is still going strong today. You can see the 555 timer circuit in the following diagram:

What is a 555 timer and how does it work?

LM555 Timer pin out

The LM555 has two modes of operation. For this project, we will be using it in astable mode. The word astable means unstable, basically with respect to an oscillator. Now, in some cases we do not want the circuit to be astable, for example an amplifier. In this case, astable is a good mode.

The pins have various functions, depending on the mode in which we are using the device. The functions are as follows:

  • Pins 8 and 1 are always power and ground respectively.
  • Pin 3 is always the output pin that we will use to turn the LEDs ON and OFF.
  • Pin 4 is the reset pin. Pulling this pin low (to ground) disables the oscillator in astable mode. Essentially the output goes low and stays low.
  • Pin 5 is the control voltage pin. By applying a voltage to this pin, we...

Our 555 timer circuit

In our circuit, when the output is high, it turns on Q1, which turns on D2. When the output is low, it sinks the current, which turns off Q1 and turns on D1.

Our 555 timer circuit

Breadboard layout

Assembling our flasher PCB

The following figure is of the PCB design that is available for download from the Packt site (https://www.packtpub.com). This PCB is designed to fit inside a tube with a one-inch internal diameter. You will see the reason for this in a moment.

Assembling our flasher PCB

Flasher PCB

Assembly of the PCB is straightforward. I would suggest that you solder in the lowest parts first and work your way up to the higher ones. This way, the parts won't fall out when you turn the board over to solder them in. In this case, install the resistors first; then the LM555; and finally the capacitor and the transistor. You can also see how the LEDs have been bent at 90 degrees.

Assembling our flasher PCB

Finished PCB

Building and assembling the case

The flasher is designed to fit inside a piece of one-inch PVC plumbing pipe. The LEDs are bent at 90 degrees to the PCB and inserted through holes drilled in a one-inch PVC pipe cap. A #7 drill bit is used to drill the holes for the LEDs. The cap is then turned over and a quarter of an inch drill bit is used to enlarge the rear of the holes so that the LEDs will penetrate further into the cap. You should drill about half way through the cap with the quarter of an inch drill. A drill press with a depth gauge will come in handy here.

Building and assembling the case

Cap showing drilled holes

One end of the case is sealed shut with another one-inch end cap, which is glued into place. The cap with the holes is not, so that you can change the batteries. Also, I did not include an on-off switch in the design for the sake of simplicity, and to make the case as moisture-proof as I could.

Building and assembling the case

PCB assembly inserted in cap

The preceding image shows the completed PCB assembly installed in the end cap. These...

Going further

There are a number of modifications that you can make to this project. For example, it is possible to fit a miniature toggle switch into the top cap, alongside the LEDs.

It is also possible to fit the circuit into a smaller case by using a 3 V lithium coin cell. I chose PVC pipe because I find it easier to machine than other materials and through hole components for first-time builders.

The following image is of a much smaller device. Patents and non-disclosure agreements prevent me from showing you anymore; however it is an example of what can be achieved with a little ingenuity.

Going further

Small IR flasher

What is a 555 timer and how does it work?


The integrated circuit that we will be using in this chapter has been around since the 1970s and is still going strong today. You can see the 555 timer circuit in the following diagram:

LM555 Timer pin out

The LM555 has two modes of operation. For this project, we will be using it in astable mode. The word astable means unstable, basically with respect to an oscillator. Now, in some cases we do not want the circuit to be astable, for example an amplifier. In this case, astable is a good mode.

The pins have various functions, depending on the mode in which we are using the device. The functions are as follows:

  • Pins 8 and 1 are always power and ground respectively.

  • Pin 3 is always the output pin that we will use to turn the LEDs ON and OFF.

  • Pin 4 is the reset pin. Pulling this pin low (to ground) disables the oscillator in astable mode. Essentially the output goes low and stays low.

  • Pin 5 is the control voltage pin. By applying a voltage to this pin, we can...

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Description

If you are an expert Perl programmer interested in penetration testing or information security, this guide is designed for you. However, it will also be helpful for you even if you have little or no Linux shell experience.

What you will learn

  • Build an infrared beacon with the LM555 timer for someone interested in night vision
  • Develop a motion detector using a mercury switchactivated car alarm sensor
  • Redesign your PC sound card into a real oscilloscope and signal generator
  • Build an RF power meter with some RF assembly techniques and programming skills
  • Write Visual Basic software that will poll the power meter we created for readings and calculate antenna gain
  • Use several ZigBee devices and a BeagleBone to create a wireless network of alarm sensors

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Publication date : Jan 13, 2015
Length: 176 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783554522
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Publication date : Jan 13, 2015
Length: 176 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783554522
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
1. Introduction – Our First Project Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Infrared Beacon Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Motion Alarm Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Sound Card-based Oscilloscope Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Calibrated RF Source Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. RF Power Meter – Hardware Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. RF Power Meter – Software Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Creating a ZigBee Network of Sensors Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(6 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 16.7%
3 star 16.7%
2 star 16.7%
1 star 0%
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Chaminda Divitotawela Mar 30, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I love this book. It brought all the memories of old days where I had fun with electronics. Those days we used to have lot of resources on circuits but don't see those anymore. This book bring back that fun to the new generation. I would recommend this book to who loves electronics and love to do those mini projects and learn. Hobby electronics back in business with the introduction of Ardunio, Raspberry PI etc and this book will be good add-on resource.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jos� Manuel Garc�a Llamas Mar 30, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I love it too. So far so good.To introduce the reader to the electronics the author uses one of the most well know ICs ever, the 555. The author shows some examples with this IC, e.g motion alarm, then he goes through some radio projects where HTML and Javascript knowledge can be very useful. At the end you can also see other projects where ZigBee protocol is used. I have purchased some ZigBee boards to use them not only for those projects but also for some ideas that came to me when reading this book.Great job.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
w rossie Oct 12, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
fast delivery and in good condition. very handy projects to use in combination what several microprocessors like Arduino, Raspberry pi and Beaglebone.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
MoneyPit Apr 09, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Only reason I did not give it 5 stars, was that the title of the book is Getting Started and in my opinion it was a little more advanced for beginners. Then again, it could have just been me. I had to read the chapters more than twice to comprehend the information but it was valuable information. I can recommend this book to anyone that is interested in electronics, both beginner and intermediate. Also the last chapter has a very nice project on Zigbee networks!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kumar Abhishek Apr 16, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
TL;DR : The title of the book "Getting Started with Electronic Projects" may not be in sync with the entire contents of the book and beginners may find themselves wanting more explanation of some facts. I feel that with the title of the book it should have been targeted more to an intermediate-level audience.The circuits and projects covered in the project are interesting, build upon each other and gradually increase in level of skill required. Starting from a simple flasher towards a IR beacon, a motion alarm and then an RF source, power meter using a BeagleBone Black to a ZigBee Network of sensors.The author also describes using a PC sound card as a low sample-rate oscilloscope and ZRLC meter which is a nice thing to have and useful. However the software described is on Windows XP which is dated; should have been tested with a newer version of Windows.If you want to take advantage and build any of the circuits presented in the book beyond Chapter 3, some of the circuit components (especially the RF ones) may be hard to source [at least for me], but that depends on where you are located.It would be a good idea to make readymade kits available with the projects given in the book. That would make it more appealing to readers who are more interested in a hands-on experience.[ Disclaimer: This book was a review copy by Packt Publishing ]
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