Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: " You can use plt.rc('ytick', labelsize='x-medium')."

A block of code is set as follows:

import pandas as pd 
df = pd.read_excel("PopulationEstimates.xls",skiprows=2) 
df.head(8)  margin: 0;

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

$ pip install pandas

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: " seaborn is another popular Python visualization library. With it, you can write less code to obtain more professional-looking plots."

Tips or important notes

R is another famous programming language for data science and statistical analysis. There are also successful R packages. The counterpart of Matplotlib is the R ggplot2 package I mentioned above.