Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Decoding Large Language Models
Decoding Large Language Models

Decoding Large Language Models: An exhaustive guide to understanding, implementing, and optimizing LLMs for NLP applications

Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Irena Cronin
Arrow right icon
Mex$1025.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (1 Ratings)
Paperback Oct 2024 396 pages 1st Edition
eBook
Mex$179.99 Mex$820.99
Paperback
Mex$1025.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Irena Cronin
Arrow right icon
Mex$1025.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (1 Ratings)
Paperback Oct 2024 396 pages 1st Edition
eBook
Mex$179.99 Mex$820.99
Paperback
Mex$1025.99
Subscription
Free Trial
eBook
Mex$179.99 Mex$820.99
Paperback
Mex$1025.99
Subscription
Free Trial

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Decoding Large Language Models

LLM Architecture

In this chapter, you’ll be introduced to the complex anatomy of large language models (LLMs). We’ll break the LLM architecture into understandable segments, focusing on the cutting-edge Transformer models and the pivotal attention mechanisms they use. A side-by-side analysis with previous RNN models will allow you to appreciate the evolution and advantages of current architectures, laying the groundwork for deeper technical understanding.

In this chapter, we’re going to cover the following main topics:

  • The anatomy of a language model
  • Transformers and attention mechanisms
  • Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their limitations
  • Comparative analysis – Transformer versus RNN models

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to understand the intricate structure of LLMs, centering on the advanced Transformer models and their key attention mechanisms. You’ll also be able to grasp the improvements of modern...

The anatomy of a language model

In the pursuit of AI that mirrors the depth and versatility of human communication, language models such as GPT-4 emerge as paragons of computational linguistics. The foundation of such a model is its training data – a colossal repository of text drawn from literature, digital media, and myriad other sources. This data is not only vast in quantity but also rich in variety, encompassing a spectrum of topics, styles, and languages to ensure a comprehensive understanding of human language.

The anatomy of a language model such as GPT-4 is a testament to the intersection of complex technology and linguistic sophistication. Each component, from training data to user interaction, works in concert to create a model that not only simulates human language but also enriches the way we interact with machines. It is through this intricate structure that language models hold the promise of bridging the communicative divide between humans and artificial intelligence...

Transformers and attention mechanisms

Attention mechanisms in language models such as GPT-4 are a transformative innovation that enables the model to selectively focus on specific parts of the input data, much like how human attention allows us to concentrate on particular aspects of what we’re reading or listening to. Here’s an in-depth explanation of how attention mechanisms function within these models:

  • Concept of attention mechanisms: The term “attention” in the context of neural networks draws inspiration from the attentive processes observed in human cognition. The attention mechanism in neural networks was introduced to improve the performance of encoder-decoder architectures, especially in tasks such as machine translation, where the model needs to correlate segments of the input sequence with the output sequence.
  • Functionality of attention mechanisms:
    • Contextual relevance: Attention mechanisms weigh the elements of the input sequence...

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their limitations

RNNs are a class of artificial neural networks that were designed to handle sequential data. They are particularly well-suited to tasks where the input data is temporally correlated or has a sequential nature, such as time series analysis, NLP, and speech recognition.

Overview of RNNs

Here are some essential aspects of how RNNs function:

  • Sequence processing: Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs have loops in them, allowing information to persist. This is crucial for sequence processing, where the current output depends on both the current input and the previous inputs and outputs.
  • Hidden states: RNNs maintain hidden states that capture temporal information. The hidden state is updated at each step of the input sequence, carrying forward information from previously seen elements in the sequence.
  • Parameters sharing: RNNs share parameters across different parts of the model. This means that they apply the...

Comparative analysis – Transformer versus RNN models

When comparing Transformer models to RNN models, we’re contrasting two fundamentally different approaches to processing sequence data, each with its unique strengths and challenges. This section will provide a comparative analysis of these two types of models:

  • Performance on long sequences: Transformers generally outperform RNNs on tasks involving long sequences because of their ability to attend to all parts of the sequence simultaneously
  • Training speed and efficiency: Transformers can be trained more efficiently on hardware accelerators such as GPUs and TPUs due to their parallelizable architecture
  • Flexibility and adaptability: Transformers have shown greater flexibility and have been successfully applied to a wider range of tasks beyond sequence processing, including image recognition and playing games
  • Data requirements: RNNs can sometimes be more data-efficient, requiring less data to reach good...

Summary

Language models such as GPT-4 are built on a foundation of complex neural network architectures and processes, each serving critical roles in understanding and generating text. These models start with extensive training data encompassing a diverse array of topics and writing styles, which is then processed through tokenization to convert text into a numerical format that neural networks can work with. GPT-4, specifically, employs the Transformer architecture, which eliminates the need for sequential data processing inherent to RNNs and leverages self-attention mechanisms to weigh the importance of different parts of the input data. Embeddings play a crucial role in this architecture by converting words or tokens into vectors that capture semantic meaning and incorporate the order of words through positional embeddings.

User interaction significantly influences the performance and output quality of models such as GPT-4. Through prompts, feedback, and corrections, users shape...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon

Key benefits

  • Gain in-depth insight into LLMs, from architecture through to deployment
  • Learn through practical insights into real-world case studies and optimization techniques
  • Get a detailed overview of the AI landscape to tackle a wide variety of AI and NLP challenges
  • Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook

Description

Ever wondered how large language models (LLMs) work and how they're shaping the future of artificial intelligence? Written by a renowned author and AI, AR, and data expert, Decoding Large Language Models is a combination of deep technical insights and practical use cases that not only demystifies complex AI concepts, but also guides you through the implementation and optimization of LLMs for real-world applications. You’ll learn about the structure of LLMs, how they're developed, and how to utilize them in various ways. The chapters will help you explore strategies for improving these models and testing them to ensure effective deployment. Packed with real-life examples, this book covers ethical considerations, offering a balanced perspective on their societal impact. You’ll be able to leverage and fine-tune LLMs for optimal performance with the help of detailed explanations. You’ll also master techniques for training, deploying, and scaling models to be able to overcome complex data challenges with confidence and precision. This book will prepare you for future challenges in the ever-evolving fields of AI and NLP. By the end of this book, you’ll have gained a solid understanding of the architecture, development, applications, and ethical use of LLMs and be up to date with emerging trends, such as GPT-5.

Who is this book for?

If you’re a technical leader working in NLP, an AI researcher, or a software developer interested in building AI-powered applications, this book is for you. To get the most out of this book, you should have a foundational understanding of machine learning principles; proficiency in a programming language such as Python; knowledge of algebra and statistics; and familiarity with natural language processing basics.

What you will learn

  • Explore the architecture and components of contemporary LLMs
  • Examine how LLMs reach decisions and navigate their decision-making process
  • Implement and oversee LLMs effectively within your organization
  • Master dataset preparation and the training process for LLMs
  • Hone your skills in fine-tuning LLMs for targeted NLP tasks
  • Formulate strategies for the thorough testing and evaluation of LLMs
  • Discover the challenges associated with deploying LLMs in production environments
  • Develop effective strategies for integrating LLMs into existing systems
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Mexico

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

Mex$149.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

Mex$299.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Oct 31, 2024
Length: 396 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781835084656
Category :
Concepts :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Mexico

Standard delivery 10 - 13 business days

Mex$149.95

Premium delivery 3 - 6 business days

Mex$299.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Oct 31, 2024
Length: 396 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781835084656
Category :
Concepts :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
$19.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
$199.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just Mex$85 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
$279.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just Mex$85 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
Banner background image

Table of Contents

21 Chapters
Part 1: The Foundations of Large Language Models (LLMs) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: LLM Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: How LLMs Make Decisions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 2: Mastering LLM Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: The Mechanics of Training LLMs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Advanced Training Strategies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Specific Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Testing and Evaluating LLMs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 3: Deployment and Enhancing LLM Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Deploying LLMs in Production Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Strategies for Integrating LLMs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Optimization Techniques for Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Advanced Optimization and Efficiency Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 4: Issues, Practical Insights, and Preparing for the Future Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: LLM Vulnerabilities, Biases, and Legal Implications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12: Case Studies – Business Applications and ROI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 13: The Ecosystem of LLM Tools and Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 14: Preparing for GPT-5 and Beyond Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 15: Conclusion and Looking Forward Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(1 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Paul Pollock Nov 02, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Decoding Large Language Models by Irena Cronin is an outstanding resource for both newcomers and seasoned professionals in the field of NLP and AI. This book offers a thorough journey through the architecture, training, and application of large language models (LLMs), blending complex concepts with accessible language and practical examples.What sets this guide apart is its balanced approach: it covers the foundational theories behind transformers and neural networks, but also delves into advanced topics like fine-tuning, optimization techniques, and ethical considerations. Each chapter is thoughtfully structured, with real-world case studies that make the technical details relevant and engaging. The sections on deployment strategies and future trends (like GPT-5) provide a forward-thinking perspective that is invaluable in a field that's evolving so rapidly.I highly recommend Decoding Large Language Models for anyone eager to master LLMs or better understand the powerful technology shaping the future of human-computer interaction. Whether you're building AI-driven applications, researching AI ethics, or simply curious about how these models work, this book is an essential read.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela