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TensorFlow Reinforcement Learning Quick Start Guide
TensorFlow Reinforcement Learning Quick Start Guide

TensorFlow Reinforcement Learning Quick Start Guide: Get up and running with training and deploying intelligent, self-learning agents using Python

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TensorFlow Reinforcement Learning Quick Start Guide

Temporal Difference, SARSA, and Q-Learning

In the previous chapter, we looked at the basics of RL. In this chapter, we will cover temporal difference (TD) learning, SARSA, and Q-learning, which were very widely used algorithms in RL before deep RL became more common. Understanding these older-generation algorithms is essential if you want to master the field, and will also lay the foundation for delving into deep RL. We will therefore spend this chapter looking at examples using these older generation algorithms. In addition, we will also code some of these algorithms using Python. We will not be using TensorFlow for this chapter, as the problems do not involve any deep neural networks under study. However, this chapter will lay the groundwork for more advanced topics that we will cover in the subsequent chapters, and will also be our first coding experience of an RL algorithm...

Technical requirements

Knowledge of the following will help you to better understand the concepts presented in this chapter:

  • Python (version 2 or 3)
  • NumPy
  • TensorFlow (version 1.4 or higher)

Understanding TD learning

We will first learn about TD learning. This is a very fundamental concept in RL. In TD learning, the learning of the agent is attained by experience. Several trial episodes are undertaken of the environment, and the rewards accrued are used to update the value functions. Specifically, the agent will keep an update of the state-action value functions as it experiences new states/actions. The Bellman equation is used to update this state-action value function, and the goal is to minimize the TD error. This essentially means the agent is reducing its uncertainty of which action is the optimal action in a given state; it gains confidence on the optimal action in a given state by lowering the TD error.

Relation between the value functions and state

...

Understanding SARSA and Q-Learning

In this section, we will learn about SARSA and Q-Learning and how can they are coded with Python. Before we go further, let's find out what SARSA and Q-Learning are. SARSA is an algorithm that uses the state-action Q values to update. These concepts are derived from the computer science field of dynamic programming, while Q-learning is an off-policy algorithm that was first proposed by Christopher Watkins in 1989, and is a widely used RL algorithm.

Learning SARSA

SARSA is another on-policy algorithm that was very popular, particularly in the 1990s. It is an extension of TD-learning, which we saw previously, and is an on-policy algorithm. SARSA keeps an update of the state-action value...

Cliff walking and grid world problems

Let's consider cliff walking and grid world problems. First, we will introduce these problems to you, then we will proceed on to the coding part. For both problems, we consider a rectangular grid with nrows (number of rows) and ncols (number of columns). We start from one cell to the south of the bottom left cell, and the goal is to reach the destination, which is one cell to the south of the bottom right cell.

Note that the start and destination cells are not part of the nrows x ncols grid of cells. For the cliff walking problem, the cells to the south of the bottom row of cells, except for the start and destination cells, form a cliff where, if the agent enters, the episode ends with catastrophic fall into the cliff. Likewise, if the agent tries to leave the left, top, or right boundaries of the grid of cells, it is placed back in the...

Summary

In this chapter, we looked at the concept of TD. We also learned about our first two RL algorithms: Q-learning and SARSA. We saw how you can code these two algorithms in Python and use them to solve the cliff walking and grid world problems. These two algorithms give us a good understanding of the basics of RL and how to transition from theory to code. These two algorithms were very popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, before deep RL gained prominence. Despite that, Q-learning and SARSA still find use in the RL community today.

In the next chapter, we will look at the use of deep neural networks in RL that gives rise to deep RL. We will see a variant of Q-learning called Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) that will use a neural network instead of a tabular state-action value function, which we saw in this chapter. Note that only problems with small number of states and actions are...

Further reading

  • Reinforcement Learning: an Introduction by Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto, 2018
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Key benefits

  • Explore efficient Reinforcement Learning algorithms and code them using TensorFlow and Python
  • Train Reinforcement Learning agents for problems, ranging from computer games to autonomous driving.
  • Formulate and devise selective algorithms and techniques in your applications in no time.

Description

Advances in reinforcement learning algorithms have made it possible to use them for optimal control in several different industrial applications. With this book, you will apply Reinforcement Learning to a range of problems, from computer games to autonomous driving. The book starts by introducing you to essential Reinforcement Learning concepts such as agents, environments, rewards, and advantage functions. You will also master the distinctions between on-policy and off-policy algorithms, as well as model-free and model-based algorithms. You will also learn about several Reinforcement Learning algorithms, such as SARSA, Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients (DDPG), Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C), Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO), and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The book will also show you how to code these algorithms in TensorFlow and Python and apply them to solve computer games from OpenAI Gym. Finally, you will also learn how to train a car to drive autonomously in the Torcs racing car simulator. By the end of the book, you will be able to design, build, train, and evaluate feed-forward neural networks and convolutional neural networks. You will also have mastered coding state-of-the-art algorithms and also training agents for various control problems.

Who is this book for?

Data scientists and AI developers who wish to quickly get started with training effective reinforcement learning models in TensorFlow will find this book very useful. Prior knowledge of machine learning and deep learning concepts (as well as exposure to Python programming) will be useful.

What you will learn

  • Understand the theory and concepts behind modern Reinforcement Learning algorithms
  • Code state-of-the-art Reinforcement Learning algorithms with discrete or continuous actions
  • Develop Reinforcement Learning algorithms and apply them to training agents to play computer games
  • Explore DQN, DDQN, and Dueling architectures to play Atari s Breakout using TensorFlow
  • Use A3C to play CartPole and LunarLander
  • Train an agent to drive a car autonomously in a simulator
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
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Length: 184 pages
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Up and Running with Reinforcement Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Temporal Difference, SARSA, and Q-Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep Q-Network Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Double DQN, Dueling Architectures, and Rainbow Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Asynchronous Methods - A3C and A2C Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Trust Region Policy Optimization and Proximal Policy Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deep RL Applied to Autonomous Driving Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assessment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(2 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Praveen Narayanan Jun 27, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book presents a readable, instructive overview of the latest RL methods for the beginning practitioner. It walks the reader through the subject with motivating examples and well chosen code to get their hands dirty.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Colbert Philippe Nov 20, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a fantastic book for those starting in the field.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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