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Home > Web Development > Web Design > Professional CSS3
Professional CSS3
Professional CSS3

Professional CSS3: Harness the power of CSS3 to design stunning, modern websites

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Professional CSS3

Chapter 2. Mastering of Fundamentals

This chapter will master the box model, floating troubleshooting positioning, and display types. After this chapter, you will be more aware of the foundations of HTML and CSS.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Gaining knowledge about the traditional box model
  • Basics of floating elements
  • Foundations of positioning elements on a web page
  • Gaining knowledge about display types

Traditional box model

An understanding of the box model is the foundation of CSS theories. You have to know the impact of width, height, margin, and borders on the size of the box and how you can manage it to match the elements on a website. The main questions for coders and frontend developers in interviews are based on box model theories. Let's begin this important chapter, which will be the foundation for every upcoming subject.

Padding/margin/border/width/height

The ingredients of the final width and height of the box are as follows:

  • Width
  • Height
  • Margins
  • Paddings
  • Borders

For better understanding of the box model, the following is an image from Google Chrome inspector:

Padding/margin/border/width/height

For more clarity and better understanding of the box model, let's analyze the following image:

Padding/margin/border/width/height

In the preceding image, you can see that in the box model, we have the following four edges:

  • Content edge
  • Padding edge
  • Border edge
  • Margin edge

The width and height of the box are based on the following:

  • Width/height of content
  • Padding...

Floating elements

Floating boxes are the most used in modern layouts. The theory of floating boxes was used especially in grid systems and inline lists in CSS frameworks. For example, class and mixin inline lists (in the Zurb Foundation framework) are based on floats.

Possibilities of floating elements

Elements can be floated to the left and right side. Of course, there is a method to reset floats too. The possible values are as follows:

float: left; // will float element to left
float: right; // will float element to right
float: none; // will reset float

Most known floating problems

When you are using floating elements, you can have some issues. The most known problems with floated elements are as follows:

  • Too big elements (because of width, margin left/right, padding left/right, and badly counted width, which is based on the box model)
  • Not cleared floats

All of these problems provide specific effects, which you can easily recognize and then fix.

Elements which are too big can be recognized when...

Display types

There are a few display types in CSS whose definition and behaviors are the foundation of frontend developers. The most known and basic display values are as follows:

  • Inline
  • Block
  • Inline-block
  • Table/table-cell
  • Flex (this will be described further in this book)

Block elements

Block elements always start from a new line. The most important properties of block elements are width and height, which can be changed from CSS code. For better understanding, let's check the following screenshot:

Block elements

It is easy to see that all the block elements are taking as much width as they can.

The mainly used HTML block-level elements are as follows:

  • address
  • article
  • aside
  • blockquote
  • canvas
  • div
  • footer
  • form
  • h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6
  • header
  • main
  • nav
  • ol
  • output
  • p
  • pre
  • section
  • table
  • ul
  • video

Inline elements

Inline elements can be described as elements that take as much space as they need. It can be best described using the following image:

Inline elements

The mainly used HTML inline-level elements are as follows:

  • acronym
  • cite
  • code
  • dfn
  • strong
  • samp
  • var
  • a
  • bdo
  • br
  • img...

CSS elements positioning

Understanding of positions in CSS is one of the key skills of frontend developers. It helps you to change the behavior of each element on a web page. Additionally, with a mix of positions, you can change the behavior of the inner (child) elements.

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

The position static is a default value of the position, which includes every element on a web page.

The position relative is making an element relative to itself. You can easily understand it with the following code:

<p>
    Lorem
    <span> ipsum</span>
</p>

And create the SASS:

span
  position: relative
  top: -10px

What you should see before appending the styles is as shown in the following:

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

In addition, after appending the styles you will see the following:

Static, relative, absolute, fixed – differences

As you can see, when we change the position to relative and move it with property top, left, right, or bottom, we will move the element from its current position.

Additionally, relatively positioned...

Summary

This chapter builds strong fundamentals for professional usage of CSS. You gathered the knowledge about the box model, positions, and floating elements. The next chapter is going to be a story about pseudoclasses.

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Key benefits

  • Explore the CSS files structures, add the right methodologies, and get a final product without any code chaos
  • Make your websites faster, more responsive, and more efficient using the minimum CSS code
  • Design better and more modern websites using the new features of CSS3

Description

CSS is the preferred technology to design modern web pages. Although CSS is often perceived as a simple language, applying modern styles to web pages with CSS and maintaining the code for larger websites can be quite tricky. We will take you right from understanding CSS to designing high-quality web pages in CSS3. We'll quickly take you through CSS3's features, and show you how to resolve common issues so you can build your basic framework. Finally, you will learn about code architecture and CSS methodologies used in scalable apps and you'll explore the various new features of CSS3, such as FlexBox, to help you create the most modern layout methodologies. By the end of the book, you will be a master at creating pure CSS web pages and will know sophisticated web design techniques, giving you an edge over other web designers.

Who is this book for?

This book is for web designers who wish to learn the best ways to work with CSS for web development.

What you will learn

  • Familiarize yourself with the concepts
  • of CSS and the SASS pre-processor
  • Get familiar with selectors to build better
  • CSS code
  • Gain knowledge on the common issues
  • with CSS and discover the solutions
  • Write scalable code using various CSS
  • methodologies and optimization techniques
  • Create a simple and reusable framework
  • based on SASS
  • Explore the various tools involved in CSS
  • code creation

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : May 31, 2016
Length: 362 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785886980
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
CSS
Concepts :
Web Design

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Product feature icon Instant access to your Digital eBook purchase
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Product Details

Publication date : May 31, 2016
Length: 362 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785886980
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
CSS
Concepts :
Web Design

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Table of Contents

15 Chapters
1. Foundations and Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Foundations and Tools
Choosing the right IDE
Cross browser compatibility – which browsers should you install?
Preprocessor – why should you use them?
SASS foundation
Simple automatization (with Gulp)
Pixelperfect layouts tools
Checking compatibility
Good assumptions in code
Creating proper selectors
Preparing your project
Summary
2. Mastering of Fundamentals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Mastering of Fundamentals
Traditional box model
Floating elements
Display types
CSS elements positioning
Summary
3. Mastering of Pseudoelements and Pseudoclasses Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Mastering of Pseudoelements and Pseudoclasses
Pseudoclasses
Usage of pseudoclasses
Supporting forms styling with pseudoclasses
Drawing primitives with CSS
Pseudoelements
Summary
4. Responsive Websites – Prepare Your Code for Specific Devices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Responsive Websites – Prepare Your Code for Specific Devices
The foundation of responsive websites
Media queries – where can you use it
Usage sample – main navigation
Summary
5. Using Background Images in CSS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Using Background Images in CSS
CSS backgrounds
Retina problems
Summary
6. Styling Forms Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Styling Forms
Forms – the most known issues
Forms – enable superpowers
Summary
7. Resolving Classic Problems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Resolving Classic Problems
Centering elements
Dealing with opacity
Summary
8. Usage of Flexbox Transform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Usage of Flexbox Transform
Flexbox
More about transform
Summary
9. Calc, Gradients, and Shadows Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Calc, Gradients, and Shadows
The calc() method
Gradients in CSS
How to add box-shadow
How to add text-shadow
Additional font and text features
Data attribute
Summary
10. Don't Repeat Yourself – Let's Create a Simple CSS Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Don't Repeat Yourself – Let's Create a Simple CSS Framework
File structure
Short forms of useful elements
Other mixins
Media queries
Grids
Standard reusable structures
Gathering other reusable mixins
Let's test and use our framework
Remember!
Summary
11. Mailers Fundamentals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Mailers Fundamentals
Testing your mailer
Back to tables
Targeting specific devices through media queries
Inlining the e-mail template
Tips for e-mail template development
Testing with Litmus
Summary
12. Scalability and Modularity Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Scalability and Modularity
Building scalable and modular code
CSS methodologies
Which methodology should you use?
Maybe your own methodology?
Summary
13. Code Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Code Optimization
Self-optimization
Summary
14. Final Automatization and Processes Optimization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
14. Final Automatization and Processes Optimization
Gulp
Jade as your templating engine
UnCSS
Minifying CSS
Final automatizer
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Mirco Santori Jun 13, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
I might have chose the wrong book as it doesn't reflect what I was looking for. This book is good if you need an overview about the CSS potential and the solid/basic in the case you intend to create your own framework. However, it doesn't help with proper html stilying nor provides a guide to enhance your element look&feel (forms,inputs,etc etc) for nowadays UI. I was definitely expecting something different and more content related to how to style an html component in order to have a decent and modern UI.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kristjan Petrus Jun 13, 2017
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Just an awful book. Essentially unstructured documentation with edge case tricks. I regretfully dragged my team through the first few chapters before dropping it for good. Filled with edge case examples with minimum explanation. For example, flex shorthand format is used in an example with zero explanation and before any mention of flex longhand format (flex-grow, flex-shrink, etc.).
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About the author

Profile icon Piotr Sikora
Piotr Sikora
Piotr Sikora is lead frontend developer at Nitro Digital, based in Kielce, Poland. He started working on web projects when he was in high school. Over the years, he has been a Flash developer, project manager, and team supervisor. He loves digital projects and dealing with all things digital. Piotr is a b-boy (break dancer) and has learned a lot of artistic stuff from dance. He teaches dance in his free time.
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